The case for restoration of tropical coastal ecosystems |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management – University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia;2. GIZ Kien Giang Biosphere Reserve Project, 320 Ngo Quyen, Rach Gia City, Kien Giang Province, Viet Nam;1. College of Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre for Tropical Environmental & Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, Australia;2. Vam Ray Resident, Hon Dat district, Kien Giang province, Viet nam;3. The Centre for Environmental Science and Ecology, Institute for Environment and Natural Resources, Vietnam National University of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet nam;1. Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), James Cook University, QLD, Australia;2. Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, VIC, Australia;3. Australian Rivers Institute ? Coast and Estuaries, School of Environment, Griffith University, QLD, Australia;4. School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, QLD, Australia;5. School of Science and Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, WA, Australia;6. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia;7. School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia;8. Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia;9. Remote Sensing Research Center, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia;10. School of Plant Biology and Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia;11. South Australian Research and Development Institute, SA, Australia;12. University of Adelaide, SA, Australia;13. School of Chemistry, Monash University, VIC, Australia;14. Derwent Estuary Program, TAS, Australia;1. Instituto Tecnológico de Bahía de Banderas, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Crucero a Punta de Mita S/N, Bahía de Banderas C.P. 63734, Nayarit, Mexico;2. Laboratorio de Ecología Marina, Centro de Investigaciones Costeras, Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Avenida Universidad No. 203, Puerto Vallarta CP 48280, Jalisco, Mexico;3. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Unidad Académica Mazatlán), Av. Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Mazatlán C.P. 82040, Sinaloa, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | At no time have humans so altered their natural environment than the present. Marine ecosystems have not been spared, and the degradation of coastal habitats has reached severe proportions in many parts of the world. The mere setting aside of areas for protection may not be enough to ensure adequate production and provision of services for a growing global human population. Hence, the active restoration of habitats, in addition to protection and preservation, is probably the more desirable conservation strategy. Accumulated experience over several decades has demonstrated that the rehabilitation or even restoration of damaged coastal ecosystems is feasible. However, the degree of difficulty and expense involved vary, with coral reefs being the most complicated habitats to restore, followed by seagrass beds and then mangrove forests. In ecosystem restoration, a comprehensive strategy based on sound biological and ecological principles, and proven techniques must be developed. A concrete, achievable goal must be articulated. Because of the dynamic nature of ecosystems, and the inability to accurately predict pathways of succession after a community is established through artificial means, subsequent modifications to a project must proceed within a flexible framework of adaptive management. Finally, for restoration efforts to be successful, local communities must participate actively in cooperation with local governments in accordance with the principle of co-management. |
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