| 陆地生态系统碳汇在实现“双碳”目标中的作用和建议 |
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| 作者姓名： | 王国胜 孙涛 昝国盛 王棒 孔祥吉 |
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| 作者单位： | 国家林业和草原局调查规划设计院,北京 100714 |
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| 基金项目： | 生态环境部“应对气候变化国际合作和履约专项,气候变化谈判林业相关议题谈判问题研究(编号: 202037)”项目资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和(简称“双碳”)是我国对国际社会的庄严承诺,已被纳入生态文明建设的总体布局。生态系统碳汇是实现“双碳”目标的重要手段,也是林业和草原实现高质量发展的必然要求。国际有关机构对全球森林、草地和湿地生态系统的碳储量和碳循环进行了评估。自1990年以来,附件一国家(指《联合国气候变化框架公约》附件一列出的经济合作发展组织中所有发达国家和经济转型国家)对本国的碳排放和碳汇进行估算,编制了年度温室气体清单; 我国也编制了5次国家温室气体清单。这些工作对我国开展应对气候变化的研究提供了基础。提出了如下建议: 在编制“双碳” 路线图和时间表时,既要考虑我国生态系统碳汇与能源和工业领域碳排放在区域空间分布和时间维度上的差异性,也要考虑生态系统同时所具有的碳汇和碳排放的特殊性; 生态系统碳汇是碳达峰的非选项,是碳中和的必选项; 生态系统碳汇要遵循国家实现“双碳”目标的基本原则,要将生态系统碳汇作为国家生态建设和保护工程的主要目标,提高碳汇计量和监测能力,完善市场和融资机制。
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| 关 键 词： | 气候变化 生态系统碳汇 碳达峰 碳中和 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-07-12 |
Roles and suggestions of terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink in achieving carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality in China |
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| Authors: | WANG Guosheng SUN Tao ZAN Guosheng WANG Bang KONG Xiangji |
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| Institution: | Academy of Inventory, Planning and Designing, Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China |
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| Abstract: | Achieving carbon emission peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060 in China (refer as “double carbon”objectives) is a solemn commitment to international community, which has been categorized into ecological civilization construction. Ecosystem carbon sink is an important way to achieving “double carbon” objectives and the certain requirement of high quality development of forest and grassland. The carbon storage and carbon cycle of global forest, grassland and wetland has been evaluated by international agencies. The countries listing in Appendix 1 (developed countries and transitional economies of OECD in Appendix 1 of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) have estimated the carbon emission and carbon sink in their own countries, and compiled the annual GHG lists. Besides, China has also launched five times of GHG lists, which have provided the foundation for dealing with climate change in China. During the process of establishing route maps and time tables of “double carbon” objectives, the authors suggested that not only the temporal and spatial differences between ecological carbon sink and carbon emission from energy and industry activities should be considered, but also the special features of ecological carbon sink and carbon emission. Ecological carbon sink is not the necessary option of carbon emission peak, but it is the necessary option of carbon neutrality. Ecological carbon sink should be consistent with the basic principles of the national “double carbon” objectives, and it also should be the main objectives of ecosystem construction and protection project. Besides, the carbon sink survey and measurement ability should be improved, and the carbon market and financing mechanism should also be perfected. |
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| Keywords: | climate change ecological carbon sink carbon emission peak carbon neutrality |
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