A numerical study on rapid intensification of Hurricane Charley (2004) near landfall |
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| Authors: | Kyungjeen Park X Zou and Gang Li |
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| Institution: | (1) National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA;(2) Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA;(3) Present address: Hydrological Science Branch, NASA/GSFC, Code-614.3, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA |
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| Abstract: | The rapid intensification of Hurricane Charley (2004) near landfall is studied using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State
University/National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU/NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) and its adjoint system for both vortex
initialization and forecasts. A significant improvement in both track and intensity forecasts is achieved after an ill-defined
storm vortex, derived from large-scale analysis, in the initial condition is replaced by the vortex generated by a four-dimensional
data variational (4D-Var) hurricane initialization scheme. Results from numerical experiments suggest that both the inclusion
of the upper-level trough and the use of high horizontal resolution (6 km) are important for numerical simulations to capture
the observed rapid intensification as well as the size reduction during the rapid intensification of Hurricane Charley. The
approach of the upper-level trough significantly enhanced the upper-level divergence and vertical motion within simulated
hurricanes. Small-scale features that are not resolvable at 18 km resolution are important to the rapid intensification and
shrinking of Hurricane Charley (2004). Numerical results from this study further confirm that the theoretical relationship
between the intensification and shrinking of tropical cyclones based on the angular momentum conservation and the cyclostrophic
approximation can be applied to the azimuthal mean flows. |
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