| 长江流域1960—2019年蒸发皿蒸发和实际蒸散发演变规律 |
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| 引用本文： | 叶林媛,鲁汉,秦淑静,张橹,熊立华,刘攀,夏军,程磊.长江流域1960—2019年蒸发皿蒸发和实际蒸散发演变规律[J].水科学进展,2022,33(5):718-729. |
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| 作者姓名： | 叶林媛 鲁汉 秦淑静 张橹 熊立华 刘攀 夏军 程磊 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430072 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助项目41890822国家自然科学基金资助项目51879193 |
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| 摘 要： | 蒸发是地表水量平衡和能量平衡联结的纽带, 研究长江流域蒸发的变化趋势对于区域水文循环变化、水资源管理至关重要。利用PenPan模型分析了1960—2019年长江流域蒸发皿蒸发量的时空演变规律及其驱动机制, 并基于最新发展的广义蒸发互补关系探究了长江流域实际蒸散发的演变特征。结果表明: ①长江流域的蒸发皿蒸发和实际蒸散发在1990年前后均存在先下降后增加的趋势。风速和辐射下降是1990年以前蒸发皿蒸发下降的主导因子, 气温升高和相对湿度下降是1990年后蒸发皿蒸发上升的主导因子。②长江流域两大主要气候区(高原气候和亚热带气候区)蒸发皿蒸发在1990年前后也存在趋势反转现象, 但时空变化特征和驱动机制差异明显。1960—1989年, 高原气候区气温和辐射是蒸发皿蒸发变化的主导因子; 亚热带气候区风速和辐射是蒸发皿蒸发下降趋势的主导因子。③ 1990—2019年, 高原气候区气温升高、风速增加和相对湿度减少是蒸发皿蒸发上升趋势的主导因素; 亚热带气候区气温升高和相对湿度降低是蒸发皿蒸发增加的主要原因。研究结果可为长江流域水循环变化和水资源配置等研究提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 蒸发皿蒸发 实际蒸散发 蒸发互补关系 归因分析 长江流域 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-05-05 |
Changes in pan evaporation and actual evapotranspiration of the Yangtze River basin during 1960—2019 |
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| Institution: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China2.Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction(Wuhan University), Wuhan 430072, China3.PowerChina Hubei Electric Engineering Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430040, China |
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| Abstract: | As the link between energy balance and water cycle, changes in evaporation are of critical importance for regional hydrological cycle and water resources management of the Yangtze River basin (YZRB). In this study, the spatio-temporal characteristics and driving mechanisms of the long-term changes in pan evaporation (Epan) of the YZRB from 1960 to 2019 were investigated using the PenPan model, and changes in actual evapotranspiration (Ea) were further evaluated using the latest generalized complementary relationship of evaporation. Results show that: ① Both Epan and Ea of the whole YZRB decreased and then increased before and after 1990. The decreases of wind speed and net radiation were the main drivers for decreasing trend of Epan before 1990, but the rise of temperature and decrease of relative humidity were the main drivers for increasing trend of Epan after 1990. ② Trends of pan evaporation in both major climatic regions of YZRB (i.e., plateau climatic region and subtropical climatic region) were reversed before and after 1990 and were driven by different mechanisms. During 1960—1989, Epan decrease in the plateau climatic region was driven by changes in temperature and radiation, while Epan decrease in subtropical climatic region was driven by changes in wind speed and radiation. ③ During 1990—2019, Epan increase in the plateau climatic region was mainly driven by the rising temperature, increased wind speed and decreased relative humidity, while Epan increase in the subtropical climatic region was largely driven by the rising temperature and decreased relative humidity. This study can provide as a reference for the water cycle change detection and water resources allocation in the YZRB. |
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