| 缺水流域用水竞争与协作关系——以黄河流域为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 尚文绣,彭少明,王煜,方洪斌,武见,许明一.缺水流域用水竞争与协作关系——以黄河流域为例[J].水科学进展,2020,31(6):897-907. |
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| 作者姓名： | 尚文绣 彭少明 王煜 方洪斌 武见 许明一 |
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| 作者单位： | 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司, 河南 郑州 450003;黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司博士后科研工作站,河南 郑州 450003;黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司, 河南 郑州 450003 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划资助项目2017YFC0404406国家自然科学基金资助项目51879240 |
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| 摘 要： | 缓解水资源供需矛盾是缺水流域水资源管理的重点与难点，量化不同用水部门间的竞争与协作关系，可为缺水流域水资源供需关系提供评估方法和优化思路。分析了水资源的排他性和非排他性特征，定义了不同用水部门之间的竞争与协作关系，建立了用水竞争度和协作度量化方法，并提出减小竞争度、增大协作度的需水过程优化目标。以黄河流域为例评估用水竞争与协作关系，结果显示:2017年兰州以下各河段存在较强的用水竞争关系，汛期河道内缺水导致协作度较小；预测2030年兰州-河口镇和花园口以下用水竞争度较大，跨流域调水工程可有效降低各河段用水竞争度；流域水资源管理需进一步考虑汛期高流量的生态作用和非汛期输沙需水过程，进一步挖掘用水协作潜力；将部分汛期输沙水量调整至非汛期可以减小竞争度、增大协作度。
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| 关 键 词： | 水资源供需关系 需水过程优化 排他性 竞争 协作 黄河流域 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-11-08 |
Competition and cooperation relationship of water utilization in water shortage basins: a case study of Yellow River basin |
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| Institution: | 1.Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450003, China2.Postdoctoral Research Station of Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450003, China |
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| Abstract: | It is very important but difficult to resolve the conflict between the water demand and supply in water resources management in water basins with water shortages. This study is aimed at quantifying the competition and cooperation relationship of water utilization to provide a new way to assess and optimize the relationship between the water demand and supply in water shortage basins. Herein, the excludability and non-excludability of water resources are analyzed. The competition and cooperation relationship of water utilization is then defined, and ways to quantify the degrees of competition and of cooperation are developed. Targets for the optimization of the water demand process are proposed to reduce the degree of competition and increase the degree of cooperation using the Yellow River basin as a case study. The results show that a strong competition relationship existed in reaches below Lanzhou, while the degree of cooperation was small due to an instream water shortage in the 2017 flood season. It is predicated that the degree of competition will be high in the reach from Lanzhou to Hekouzhen and the reach below Huayuankou in 2030, while inter-basin water-transfer projects can effectively reduce the degree of competition. The degree of cooperation must be strengthened by considering the ecological function of high-flow events in the flood season and the water demand of sediment transport in the non-flood season when managing water resources in the Yellow River basin. If a proportion of sediment transport water demand could be moved to the non-flood season from the flood season, the degree of competition could be reduced and that of cooperation increased. |
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