| 基于挟沙力的三峡水库泥沙淤积形态分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 李文杰,李娜,杨胜发,王涛.基于挟沙力的三峡水库泥沙淤积形态分析[J].水科学进展,2016,27(5):726-734. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李文杰 李娜 杨胜发 王涛 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.重庆交通大学国家内河航道整治工程技术研究中心, 重庆 400074; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51679019）；国家重点研发计划资助项目（2016YFC0402103） |
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| 摘 要： | 三峡水库蓄水运用后，泥沙淤积主要分布在常年库区的宽谷和弯道，峡谷则无累积性淤积。基于实测资料计算了三峡成库前（2001年）和成库后（2003-2011年）的挟沙力，结果表明挟沙力随着不同运行阶段坝前水位的抬高而逐步降低，宽谷河段降低幅度较大，峡谷河段降低幅度较小，泥沙淤积比率逐步增大。宽谷河段挟沙力普遍降至含沙量以下而发生淤积，峡谷河段挟沙力仍大于含沙量而无累积性淤积。流量越大，宽谷河段的挟沙力越小于含沙量，而峡谷河段的挟沙力越大于含沙量，表明宽谷河段淤积主要发生在汛期，而峡谷河段汛期以冲刷为主。由于细颗粒泥沙絮凝沉降以及黏性淤积物难以冲刷，恢复饱和系数淤积取1、冲刷取0.01得到的沿程淤积量计算值与实测值吻合较好。弯道河段计算的淤积量与实测值差异较大，表明弯道河段二维特征明显，利用一维的挟沙力计算淤积量不能适用。
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| 关 键 词： | 三峡水库 泥沙淤积 挟沙力 含沙量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015-12-28 |
Analysis of the sedimentation in the Three Gorges Reservoir based on the sediment carrying capacity |
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| LI Wenjie,LI Na,YANG Shengfa,WANG Tao.Analysis of the sedimentation in the Three Gorges Reservoir based on the sediment carrying capacity[J].Advances in Water Science,2016,27(5):726-734. |
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| Authors: | LI Wenjie LI Na YANG Shengfa WANG Tao |
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| Institution: | 1.National Inland Waterway Regulation Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China;2.Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Hydraulic and Water Transport Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China;3.Changjiang Chongqing Harbor and Waterway Engineering Investigation and Design Institute, Chongqing 401147, China |
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| Abstract: | Since the operation of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), sediment deposition occurred primarily at the wide and curved reaches in the permanent backwater region, while no deposition occurred at the gorge reaches. Based on the measured data, sediment carrying capacities were calculated during the Pre-TGD (2001) and Post-TGD (from 2003 to 2011) period, indicating that the sediment carrying capacities decreased gradually due to the rising of the water level after the impoundment, and the deposition ratio increased step by step. The sediment carrying capacities at the wide reaches reduced greatly to the values smaller than the sediment concentrations, thus deposition occurred. While the reduction of the sediment carrying capacities at gorges was relatively small, and the sediment capacities were still bigger than sediment concentrations, no cumulative deposition happened consequently. The bigger the flow discharges, the smaller the sediment carrying capacities at the wide reaches were than the sediment concentrations, but the opposite at the gorge reaches, demonstrating that deposition at the wide reaches occurred mostly during the flood season and erosion occurred at gorges. Because of the flocculation and big erosion resistance of the fine cohesive particles, the best estimation of deposition amount was obtained when the recovery saturation coefficient was 1 for deposition and 0.01 for erosion. The estimated sedimentation at the curved reaches didn't agree with the measured values, indicating that the flow velocity had two-dimensional characteristics, and the one-dimensional sediment carrying capacity was not applicable for calculating the deposition at the curved reaches. |
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| Keywords: | Three Gorges Reservoir sedimentation sediment carrying capacity sediment concentration |
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