| 非均匀沙运动特性试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 许琳娟,曹文洪,刘春晶.非均匀沙运动特性试验[J].水科学进展,2016,27(6):841-848. |
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| 作者姓名： | 许琳娟 曹文洪 刘春晶 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室, 北京 100048; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助项目（11472310）；“十二五”国家科技支撑计划资助项目（2013BAB12B01） |
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| 摘 要： | 天然河流床沙通常为非均匀沙，准确把握非均匀沙颗粒运动规律是模拟和预测天然河流河床演变的基础。开展了恒定均匀流条件下的非均匀沙推移质运动水槽试验，床沙粒径范围为0.10~20 mm。利用摄像机从顶部拍摄了粗化条件下的推移质颗粒运动，获取大量非均匀沙颗粒的运动轨迹，提取了颗粒运动速度、走停时间等基本运动参数，推移质运动颗粒粒径范围为0.74~8.19 mm。试验结果表明，非均匀沙床面聚集体或大颗粒使推移质颗粒运动方向发生改变，与均匀沙成果相比，非均匀沙推移质颗粒的纵向运动速度减小，横向运动速度增大；推移质颗粒纵向运动速度遵循指数分布，单次运动速度遵循Γ分布，横向运动速度及运动速度矢量角则遵循正态分布。
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| 关 键 词： | 非均匀推移质 运动速度 运动轨迹 运动/静止时间 概率分布 水槽试验 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015-11-17 |
Experimental study on non-uniform sediment motion characteristics |
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| XU Linjuan,CAO Wenhong,LIU Chunjing.Experimental study on non-uniform sediment motion characteristics[J].Advances in Water Science,2016,27(6):841-848. |
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| Authors: | XU Linjuan CAO Wenhong LIU Chunjing |
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| Institution: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China;2.Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou 450003, China |
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| Abstract: | The sand in a natural riverbed is usually non-uniform and is considered as the basis for simulating and forecasting the evolution of the natural riverbed, to accurately understand the movement of non-uniform sediment particles. In this study, a flume experiment with non-uniform bed load movement was conducted under uniform flow condition. The particle size range of the bed material was 0.10-20 mm. The motion process of sediment particles over the rough bed was filmed using a high-speed camera mounted on the top of the flume, and basic motion parameters such as motion trajectories, velocity, and motion/rest time of the non-uniform bed load were obtained. The particle size range of the bed load was 0.74-8.19 mm. The results showed the following:the motion direction of bed load is changed by aggregates or large particles on the non-uniform bed surface when compared to results of uniform sediment; the longitudinal velocity decreases and the transverse velocity increases on non-uniform bed load; the longitudinal velocity of bed load follows an exponential distribution, the single velocity meets Γ distribution, the transverse velocity and bed load velocity vector angle meets the normal distribution. |
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| Keywords: | non-uniform bed load motion velocity motion trajectories motion/rest time probability distribution flume experiment |
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