| 砾石覆盖紫色土坡耕地水文过程 |
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| 引用本文： | 王小燕,李朝霞,蔡崇法.砾石覆盖紫色土坡耕地水文过程[J].水科学进展,2012,23(1):38-45. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王小燕 李朝霞 蔡崇法 |
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| 作者单位： | 华中农业大学农业部亚热带农业资源与环境重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430070 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展计划（973）资助项目(2007CB407201)；国家自然科学基金资助项目（40930529） |
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| 摘 要： | 紫色土中砾石分布广泛,地表常为砾石覆盖,砾石覆盖对土壤水文过程有着重要影响。试验小区(2 m×1 m)为坡度23°的坡耕地, 试验降雨强度为(53.9±2.8)mm/h、 (90.8±6.1)mm/h和(134.3±14.9)mm/h, 砾石覆盖度为0%,11%,20%,33%和42%。通过原位人工模拟降雨试验,定量研究了不同降雨强度下砾石覆盖对降雨入渗、地表产流及壤中流产流的影响。结果表明:砾石覆盖对入渗过程影响显著,稳定入渗速率及稳定入渗系数与砾石覆盖度呈正相关关系,3种降雨强度下,稳定入渗系数分别为47.70%~86.59%,30.61%~82.83%、17.76%~77.44%,42%砾石覆盖度小区的稳定入渗速率分别是裸露小区的1.95~4.94倍;地表砾石覆盖延迟地表产流、减少地表径流量,地表产流时间随着砾石覆盖度的提高呈增加趋势,地表径流速率及地表径流系数随砾石覆盖度的增加而降低,相对地表径流系数与地表砾石覆盖度呈指数负相关关系;地表砾石覆盖促进壤中流的发生、增加壤中流量,壤中流产流时间随着砾石覆盖度的增加逐渐缩短,壤中流径流速率及壤中流径流系数随地表砾石覆盖度的增加而提高,相对壤中流径流系数与地表砾石覆盖度呈指数正相关关系。
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| 关 键 词： | 砾石覆盖 水文过程 降雨入渗 坡面径流 壤中流 产流时间 紫色土 模拟降雨 |
| 收稿时间： | 2011-02-23 |
Hydrological processes on sloped farmland in purple soil regions with rock fragment cover |
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| WANG Xiao-yan
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LI Zhao-xia
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CAI Chong-fa.Hydrological processes on sloped farmland in purple soil regions with rock fragment cover[J].Advances in Water Science,2012,23(1):38-45. |
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| Authors: | WANG Xiao-yan LI Zhao-xia CAI Chong-fa |
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| Institution: | Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China |
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| Abstract: | Purple soils with variable rock fragment cover are widespread and the effect of rock fragment cover on hydrological processes is important.We quantitatively study the effect of rock fragment cover on infiltration,surface runoff and subsurface runoff through in-situ artificial rainfall experiments.The experimental plots(1 m×2 m and 23°slope) with different rock fragment covers(0%,11%,20%,33% and 42%)were exposed to three rainfall intensities((53.9±2.8) mm/h,(90.8±6.1) mm/h and(134.3±14.9) mm/h).The results show that the hydrological differences in these experiments are significant and a positive relationship is found between the steady infiltration rate/coefficient and the rock fragment coverage.For the three experimental rainfall intensities,the coefficients of steady infiltration rate range respectively from 47.7% to 86.59% for the intensity of(53.9±2.8) mm/h,from 30.61% to 82.83% for the intensity of(90.8±6.1) mm/h,and from 17.76% to 77.44% for the intensity of(134.3±14.9) mm/h.The steady infiltration rate can be 1.95 to 4.94 times higher on the experimental plot with the most rock fragment cover of 42% compared to that with the least one of 0%.The surface rock fragment cover can retard surface runoff and reduce surface runoff generation.The larger the rock fragment cover,the longer the time for surface runoff generation.The surface runoff rate/ coefficient decreases with the increase of rock fragment coverage.The relationship between the relative surface runoff coefficient and the rock fragment coverage could be expressed by an exponential decay function.Surface rock fragment cover can enhance the generation of subsurface runoff and thus increase the amount of subsurface runoff.The larger the rock fragment cover,the shorter the time for surface runoff generation.Both flow rate of subsurface runoff and subsurface runoff coefficient are proportional to the rock fragment coverage.The relationship between the relative subsurface runoff coefficient and the rock fragment coverage could be expressed by an exponentially increasing function. |
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| Keywords: | rock fragment cover hydrological processes rainfall infiltration surface runoff subsurface runoff time to runoff generation purple soil simulated rainfall |
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