Relation of streams, lakes, and wetlands to groundwater flow systems |
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| Authors: | Thomas C Winter |
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| Institution: | (1) U.S. Geological Survey, MS 413, Denver Federal Center, Lakewood, Colorado 80225, USA Fax: +1-303-236-5034 e-mail: tcwinter@usgs.gov, US |
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| Abstract: | Surface-water bodies are integral parts of groundwater flow systems. Groundwater interacts with surface water in nearly all
landscapes, ranging from small streams, lakes, and wetlands in headwater areas to major river valleys and seacoasts. Although
it generally is assumed that topographically high areas are groundwater recharge areas and topographically low areas are groundwater
discharge areas, this is true primarily for regional flow systems. The superposition of local flow systems associated with
surface-water bodies on this regional framework results in complex interactions between groundwater and surface water in all
landscapes, regardless of regional topographic position. Hydrologic processes associated with the surface-water bodies themselves,
such as seasonally high surface-water levels and evaporation and transpiration of groundwater from around the perimeter of
surface-water bodies, are a major cause of the complex and seasonally dynamic groundwater flow fields associated with surface
water. These processes have been documented at research sites in glacial, dune, coastal, mantled karst, and riverine terrains.
Received, April 1998 · Revised, July 1998, August 1998 · Accepted, September 1998 |
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| Keywords: | geologic fabric groundwater recharge/water budget groundwater/surface-water relations general hydrogeology groundwater management |
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