The origin and distribution of nitrate in groundwater from village wells in Kotagede, Yogyakarta, Indonesia |
| |
| Authors: | Geoffrey D Smith Robbert Wetselaar James J Fox Robert H M van de Graaff Doeljachman Moeljohardjo Joko Sarwono Wiranto Sri Rahajoe Asj'ari Suharto Tjojudo Basuki |
| |
| Institution: | (1) Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia Fax: +61-2-62490313 e-mail: Geoffrey.Smith@anu.edu.au, AU;(2) Department of Anthropology, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, AU;(3) van de Graaff and Associates Pty. Ltd., Park Orchards, VIC 3114, Australia, AU;(4) Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, ID;(5) Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, ID;(6) Technical Faculty, Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, ID |
| |
| Abstract: | The causes and nature of nitrate pollution of wells in a village within Kotagede, a subdistrict of the city of Yogyakarta,
Indonesia, were investigated in a detailed hydrological study. Nitrate concentrations in groundwater frequently exceeded the
WHO recommended limit of 50 mg L − 1. Groundwater nitrate concentrations were measured over a 19-month period in monitoring wells and in piezometers placed strategically
in relation to sewage tanks within the village. Results indicate that the tanks are major sources of nitrate in the groundwater
and that the input is markedly dependent on rainfall, resulting in a surge of nitrate into the groundwater at the beginning
of each wet season. That the tanks are a major source was confirmed by measuring nitrate in soil cores obtained by augering
close to selected tanks. Washrooms, where people wash themselves, are not significant sources of nitrate. Faecal coliform
counts in groundwater from a random selection of wells are very high. The results have implications for the siting of wells
and toilets within villages in Indonesia.
Received, January 1999/Revised, August 1999/Accepted, August 1999 |
| |
| Keywords: | nitrate groundwater protection contamination health Indonesia |
| 本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录！ |
|
