Evolution of quartz microstructures and textures during polyphase deformation within the Tauern Window (Eastern Alps) |
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| Authors: | Walter Kurz Wolfgang Unzog Franz Neubauer Johann Genser |
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| Institution: | Institut für Geologie und Pal?ontologie, Karl-Franzens-Universit?t Graz, Heinrichstrasse 26, 8010 Graz, Austria,
Institut für Geologie und Pal?ontologie, Paris-Lodron-Universit?t Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria,
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| Abstract: | The interior of the Tauern Window exposes underplated Penninic continental lithosphere and the overlying obducted Penninic oceanic crust within a large antiformal dome in the internal zone of the Eastern Alps. These units have been affected by a polyphase deformation history. Generally, three deformation events are distinguished. D1 is related to underplating of, and top-to-the-N nappe stacking within, the Penninic continental units of the Tauern Window. Deformation stage D2 is interpreted to reflect the subsequent continent collision between the Penninic continental units and the European foreland, D3 is related to the formation of the dome structure within the Tauern Window. During thickening of continental lithosphere and nappe stacking (D1), and subsequent intracontinental shortening (D2), these tectonic units have been ductilely deformed close to a plane strain geometry. Conditions for the plastic deformation of the main rock-forming mineral phases (quartz, feldspar, dolomite, calcite) have prevailed during all three phases of crustal deformation. Generally, two types of quartz microstructures that are related to D1 are distinguished within the Tauern Window: (a) Equilibrated and annealed fabrics without crystallographic preferred orientations (CPO) have only been observed in the central part of the southeastern Tauern Window, corresponding with amphibolite-grade metamorphic conditions. (b) In the northeastern and central part of the Tauern Window microstructures are characterized by quartz grains that show equilibrated shape fabrics, but well preserved CPO with type-I cross girdle distributions, indicating a deformation geometry close to plane strain. During D2, two types of quartz microstructures are distinguished, too: (a) Quartz grains that show equilibrated shape fabrics, but well-preserved CPO. The c-axes distributions generally are characterized by type-I cross girdles, locally by type-II cross girdles, and in places, oblique single girdle distributions. (b) A second type of quartz microstructure is characterized by highly elongated grains and fabrics typical for dislocation creep and grain-boundary migration, and strong CPO. This type is restricted to the southern sections of the western and eastern Tauern Window. The c-axis distributions show type-I cross girdles in the western part of the Tauern Window and single girdles in the southeastern part. In the western part of the Tauern Window, a continuous transition from type (b) microstructures in the south to type (a) microstructures in the north is documented. The microstructural evolution also documents that the dome formation in the southeastern and western Tauern Window has already started during D2 and has continued subsequent to the equilibration during amphibolite to greenschist facies metamorphism. D3 is restricted to distinct zones of localized deformation. D3-related quartz fabrics are characterized by the formation of ribbon grains; the c-axes show small-circle distributions around the Z-axis of the finite-strain ellipsoid. During exhumation and doming (D3), deformation occurred under continuously decreasing temperatures. |
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