Troodontidae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Uzbekistan |
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| Institution: | 1. Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;2. Department of Sedimentary Geology, Geological Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, 16 Liniya VO 29, 199178 Saint Petersburg, Russia;3. Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 121, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA;1. Institute of Energy and Environment, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto 1289, 05508-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Institute of Geosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Lago 562, 05508-080, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;3. CNPq, Brazil;4. School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bettio 1000, 03828-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;5. Centre of Technology and Geosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Acadêmico Hélio Ramos s/n, 50740-530, Recife, PE, Brazil;1. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología, Río Negro, Argentina;2. IIPG, UNRN, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Av. Roca 1242, (R8332EXZ) General Roca, Río Negro, Argentina;3. CONICET, Museo Carlos Ameghino, Belgrano 1700, Paraje Pichi Ruca (predio Marabunta), Cipolletti, Río Negro, 8300, Argentina;1. Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 121, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA;2. Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;3. Department of Sedimentary Geology, Geological Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, 16 Liniya VO 29, 199178 Saint Petersburg, Russia;2. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xi-Zhi-Men-Wai Street, Beijing 100044, China;3. Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;4. CNRS UMR 5276, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Villeurbanne Cedex 69622, France;5. Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Bei-Tu-Cheng-Xi Road, Beijing 100029, China;6. Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China;1. Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405, Biological Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada;2. School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | To date three taxa of troodontid theropod dinosaurs have been recognized from Upper Cretaceous strata in two regions of the Kyzylkum Desert in Uzbekistan. The Cenomanian Khodzhakul Formation in the southwestern Kyzylkum Desert has yielded isolated serrated teeth and some postcranial bones of an indeterminate troodontid. In the central Kyzylkum Desert troodontids are known from the Cenomanian Dzharakuduk Formation (Urbacodon itemirensis) and the Turonian Bissekty Formation (Urbacodon sp.). Urbacodon itemirensis is known from a single dentary whereas Urbacodon sp. is represented by isolated teeth, maxilla and dentary fragments, a partial braincase, and some postcranial bones. The troodontid affinities of Urbacodon are supported by several synapomorphies: presence of a subotic recess; reduced basal tubera placed directly under the occipital condyle; maxilla participating in the margin of the external naris; nutrient foramina on dentary situated within a deep lateral groove; dentary without distinct interdental plates; large number of small dentary and maxillary teeth; teeth constricted between root and crown; anterior dentary teeth smaller, more numerous, more closely spaced than those in the middle of the tooth row, and implanted in a groove; posterior dorsal vertebrae with tall and posterodorsally tapering neural spines; and presence of a midline sulcus on the neural arches of distal caudals. Among Troodontidae, Urbacodon resembles Byronosaurus, Gobivenator, and Xixiasaurus in the absence of serrations on the tooth crowns and having premaxillary teeth that are D-shaped in cross-section. However, phylogenetic analysis did not recover a clade of Asiatic troodontids with unserrated teeth. |
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| Keywords: | Dinosauria Theropoda Troodontidae Cretaceous Uzbekistan |
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