Cuticle ultrastructure of Pseudofrenelopsis gansuensis: Further taxonomical implications for Cheirolepidiaceae |
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| Institution: | 1. Anhui Geological Museum, Hefei 230031, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany (LSB), Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China;3. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy (LPS), Department of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China;4. School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK;5. Research Institute of Experiment and Detection, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Karamay 834000, PR China;6. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China;1. Jagiellonian University, Institute of Botany, Department of Taxonomy, Phytogeography and Palaeobotany, ul. Kopernika 27, PL-31-501 Kraków, Poland;2. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków, Poland;3. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Department of Botany, H-1476, P.O. Box 222, Hungary;4. Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute, Holy Cross Branch, Zgoda 21, PL-25-953 Kielce, Poland;5. Eötvös University, Biological Institute, Department of Plant Anatomy, Pázmány P. Stny 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;6. Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, PL-00-818 Warszawa, Poland |
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| Abstract: | A study of the cheirolepidiaceous conifer Pseudofrenelopsis gansuensis from the Lower Cretaceous of Wangqing Jilin Province in China was conducted in detail using scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. In total, nine ultrastructural features were recognized for the cuticle of this fossil plant, which are helpful in the distinguishing between cuticles of ordinary epidermal cells, subsidiary cells, guard cells and hypodermal cells of the stomatal apparatus. A three dimensional reconstruction of the cuticle ultrastructure was obtained. Pseudofrenelopsis gansuensis is the second species of this genus for which the cuticle ultrastructure has been statistically examined with 30 measurements and estimated confidence interval values. The close comparison of the cuticle ultrastructure characters, including statistical data, among Cheirolepidiaceae and other fossil conifers provides potential evidence of the taxonomic significance of this genus: ten characters are potentially valuable for specific separation, eleven parameters for generic separation and three parameters seem also to be useful for Family determination. The differences in the chemical composition according to preliminary statistical element analyses of the cuticles based on three ratios in two species of Pseudofrenelopsis, P. dalatzensis and P. gansuensis, should also be examined in future studies. |
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| Keywords: | Cheirolepidiceae Cuticle ultrastructure Taxonomy Palaeoecology EDS analyses |
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