| 青藏高原与全球环境变化研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 郑度,林振耀,张雪芹.青藏高原与全球环境变化研究进展[J].地学前缘,2002,9(1):95-102. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郑度 林振耀 张雪芹 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院,地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(G19980 40 80 0 ) |
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| 摘 要： | 文章从 4个方面简要介绍了青藏高原与全球环境变化的最新研究进展 :(1)新生代青藏高原的隆升过程与东亚环境演化 ;(2 )末次间冰期以来的气候环境记录及重大气候突变事件 ;(3)青藏高原2ka以来温度、降水变化特征 ;(4 )青藏高原近代气候变化及其环境响应。主要结论有 :第三纪青藏地区曾两次隆升与夷平 ;7MaBP开始高原再次抬升 ,3 6MaBP以来经历了强烈隆起。高原季风的形成演化与高原隆升过程紧密相联 ,2 5MaBP高原季风由浅薄系统变为深厚系统 ,现代季风格局形成。在约 1 1～ 0 8MaBP间青藏高原进入冰冻圈 ,西北地区干旱化、主要沙漠扩展、周边地区新的黄土体系形成均与此有关。高原气候在冰期 /间冰期循环时间尺度上具有升温缓慢、降温迅速的特征。达索普冰芯记录中的CH4 浓度高出极区 15 %～ 2 0 %,并具有很大的波动性。青藏高原最新的一次大湖期时代在 40～ 2 5ka ,代表着一次特强的夏季风暖湿事件。古里雅冰芯研究发现气候突变事件频繁。高海拔地区比低海拔地区对全球气候变化反应更敏感。根据冰芯、湖芯、树轮和历史文献恢复揭示了2ka以来高原温度降水变化特征。百年来青藏高原气候经历了 3次突变 ,2 0世纪 5 0年代以来的变暖趋势超过北半球及同纬度地区。高原冰冻圈 (包括冰川、积雪和冻土 )对近代
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| 关 键 词： | 青藏高原 隆升 环境演化 气候突变事件 冰冻圈 全球环境变化 |
| 文章编号： | 1005-2321(2002)01-0095-08 |
PROGRESS IN STUDIES OF TIBETAN PLATEAU AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE |
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| ZHENG Du,LIN Zhen-yao,ZHANG Xue-qin.PROGRESS IN STUDIES OF TIBETAN PLATEAU AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(1):95-102. |
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| Authors: | ZHENG Du LIN Zhen-yao ZHANG Xue-qin |
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| Abstract: | The progresses in studies of Tibetan Plateau and global environmental change are introduced briefly, which are summarized as follows. The Tibetan Plateau was subjected to twice cycles of uplift and planation in the Tertiary. And the plateau began to uplift again in 7MaBP, and has experienced intense uplift since 3.6MaBP. The formation and evolution of the plateau monsoon have been closely connected with the uplifting process of the plateau. Consequently a low-thin system of the plateau monsoon has been transformed to a deep-thick one since 2.5MaBP, and the modern monsoon pattern came into being. The tectonic movement during 1.1～0.8Ma BP might raise the plateau up to 3000～3500m asl and led to the plateau entering the cryosphere and forming the maximum glaciation, which gave rise to a series of drastic changes, e.g., desiccation in northwest China, main desert expanding, new loess system forming in the surrounding areas of the plateau, etc. At a time scale of ice-stage / interval ice-stage, the plateau climate was characterized by warming slowly and cooling rapidly. The density of CH 4 in Dasuopu ice core record characterized by much variation is 15%～20% higher than those of the polar areas. During the period of 40～30kaBP, the most recent high lake level on Tibetan plateau appeared, which might represent an exceedingly strong warm and humid summer monsoon events over the plateau. Evidence in the Guliya ice core record indicates that the climatic change events occurred frequently. Additionally, the response to climate change in highland areas is more sensitive than that in the lowland areas. In addition, the characteristics of temperature and precipitation of the plateau over past 2000 years were disclosed based on the records of ice-cores, lacustrine sediments, tree-rings and historical documents. Research also indicates that Tibetan Plateau has experienced three abrupt changes of climate in the 20th century, and that the warming tendency of the plateau has been higher than that of Northern Hemisphere and regions at the same latitudes since the 1950s. The cryosphere of the plateau (i.e., glaciers, snow deposit and frozen ground) responses obviously to climate change and is closely correlated with global environmental changes. |
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| Keywords: | Tibetan Plateau uplifting environmental evolution abrupt change of climate cryosphere global environmental change |
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