| 江汉盆地大型富锂卤水矿床成因与资源勘查进展:综述 |
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| 引用本文： | 余小灿,刘成林,王春连,徐海明,赵艳军,黄华,李瑞琴.江汉盆地大型富锂卤水矿床成因与资源勘查进展:综述[J].地学前缘,2022,29(1):107-123. |
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| 作者姓名： | 余小灿 刘成林 王春连 徐海明 赵艳军 黄华 李瑞琴 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国地质科学院 矿产资源研究所 自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室, 北京 1000372.中国地质大学(武汉), 湖北 武汉 4300743.中国石油化工股份有限公司 江汉油田分公司, 湖北 武汉430223 |
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| 基金项目： | 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目;国家自然科学基金;国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划） |
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| 摘 要： | 古近纪时期,华南江汉盆地的潜江凹陷和江陵凹陷发育盐湖,沉积了巨厚的蒸发岩,并形成和储藏了富锂、钾、铷、铯、溴、碘等元素的卤水资源,这些元素含量达到工业品位或综合利用品位;富锂卤水属于深层地下卤水型锂矿资源,镁锂比值低,是非常优质的锂资源。本文总结了江汉盆地大地构造特征、火成岩及古气候背景,论述了古盐湖沉积岩相特征、富锂卤水水化学、分布及储层特征、卤水中锂的来源与富集机理、卤水型锂矿成矿模式以及富锂卤水勘查与开采技术进展,提出了卤水开发利用中存在的问题和解决途径。江汉盆地富锂卤水成因包括:古盐湖锂可能主要来自高温水岩反应产生的富锂热液流体的补给;在干旱的气候下,古湖水不断蒸发浓缩,导致卤水中锂浓缩富集;在盐湖演化末期,逐渐埋藏的盐类晶间富锂卤水被转移至裂隙、砂岩及玄武岩储层中储集;在较高的地热背景值下,埋藏卤水与储层岩石可能发生水岩反应,进一步促进了卤水中锂的富集。江汉盆地深层卤水初步勘查显示,氯化锂资源量已达到大型工业规模,展示了巨大的资源潜力。此外,卤水锂开采技术已基本形成,建议进一步加强富锂卤水的绿色开发技术研究,制定相关勘查开发规范。
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| 关 键 词： | 富锂卤水 古近纪 古盐湖 卤水锂提取技术 江汉盆地 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-06-02 |
Genesis of lithium brine deposits in the Jianghan Basin and progress in resource exploration:A review |
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| YU Xiaocan,LIU Chenglin,WANG Chunlian,XU Haiming,ZHAO Yanjun,HUANG Hua,LI Ruiqin.Genesis of lithium brine deposits in the Jianghan Basin and progress in resource exploration:A review[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2022,29(1):107-123. |
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| Authors: | YU Xiaocan LIU Chenglin WANG Chunlian XU Haiming ZHAO Yanjun HUANG Hua LI Ruiqin |
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| Institution: | 1. MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China2. China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China3. SINOPEC Jianghan Oilfield Company, Wuhan 430223, China |
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| Abstract: | During the Paleogene, saline lakes developed in the Qianjiang and Jiangling Sags, Jianghan Basin, where thick evaporites later deposited to produce rich brine resources that contain industrial or general commercial grade Li, K, Rb, Cs, Br, and I elements. The Li-rich brines, belonging to deep underground lithium brine deposits, are a high-quality lithium resource, with low Mg/Li ratios. In this paper, the geotectonic feature, igneous rock and paleoclimatic background associated with the Jianghan Basin are summarized; the sedimentary facies of ancient salt lakes, the hydrochemistry, distribution and characteristics of lithium brine reservoirs, also the source and enrichment mechanism of lithium in brines, the formation model of lithium brine deposits, and progress in lithium brine exploration and mining technology are introduced; and the problems and solutions in the development and utilization of brines are discussed. The genesis of lithium brines in the Jianghan Basin is as follows: lithium, likely, comes mainly from the replenishment of Li-rich hydrothermal fluids produced by water-rock interaction at high temperature. In an arid climate, saline lake continues to evaporate and concentrate, leading to lithium enrichment in brines. At the end of salt lake evolution, the gradually buried intercrystalline Li-rich brines in saline minerals migrated to fractures, sandstone and basalt reservoirs for storage, where brine-reservoir rock interaction in geothermal environment further promotes lithium enrichment. Preliminary surveys of deep brines in the Jianghan Basin predicted large industrial scale LiCl resources in the basin with great resources potential. As lithium brine mining technology is maturing, researches on green technology development should be strengthened, and relevant exploration and development standards should be established. |
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| Keywords: | lithium-rich brine Paleogene ancient salt lake lithium brine extraction technology Jianghan Basin |
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