| 盆地构造动力学研究的弱点、难点及重点 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘池洋.盆地构造动力学研究的弱点、难点及重点[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):113-124. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘池洋 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北大学,大陆动力学教育部重点实验室,含油气盆地研究所,陕西,西安,710069 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划);国家自然科学基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 盆地构造动力直接控制着盆地各种地质作用的发生和盆地类型及其演化;进而总体制约着沉积矿产形成和烃类成藏的条件、特点和分布规律。目前盆地构造动力学研究的弱点、难点及重点主要有以下4方面:(1)特征或成因复杂的构造,如走滑构造、横向(转换)构造、拆离滑覆构造、较大型断层的分段性和断裂带的结构等。(2)非应力成因的构造:在盆地和构造形成的动力中,热力和重力与应力相并列,但却研究薄弱。前两类动力作用的影响更为深远,其构造特征复杂、独具个性,仅从应力分析常会得出与实际情况相差较远甚或相悖的结论。(3)后期改造与古构造恢复:在盆地形成演化末期或之后,多种不同形式的强烈改造,常使盆地的原始沉积面貌大为改观。如后期差异升降与差异剥蚀将改变盆地的原貌,并明显影响油气的聚集和赋存。对后期改造研究与原盆地和古构造恢复意义重要、难度颇大。(4)盆地动态演化与动力学背景:如盆山耦合关系、稳定地块的作用、盆地动态构造演化与深部作用过程、区域构造环境和其时空坐标、总体构造特征的再认识等。
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| 关 键 词： | 走滑构造 横向(转换)构造 拆离滑覆构造 断裂带结构 热力构造 重力构造 后期改造与古构造恢复 盆地动态演化与动力学背景 盆山耦合 |
| 文章编号： | 1005-2321（2005）03-0113-12 |
| 收稿时间： | 2005-06-10 |
| 修稿时间： | 2005-07-06 |
The weakness, difficulty and key point in the study of basin tectonic dynamics |
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| LIU Chi-yang.The weakness, difficulty and key point in the study of basin tectonic dynamics[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(3):113-124. |
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| Authors: | LIU Chi-yang |
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| Abstract: | Basin tectonic dynamics directly controls the occurrence of various geological processes, the basin types and their evolutions. It therefore controls the conditions, characteristics and the distribution of hydrocarbon accumulation and forming of sedimentary minerals. The weaknesses, difficulties and key points of the present study of basin tectonic dynamics are shown in the following four aspects: (1)Tectonics with complex features and complex cause of formation, such as strike-slip structure, lateral transform (transfer) structure, detachment gliding structure, segmentation of larger fault, texture of fracture belt, etc. (2) Non-stress formed structure. In basin and structure forming dynamics, thermal, gravity and stress are equally important. The first two have a greater influence, however. They always form more complex structures that have unique characteristics. In the study of basin and structure forming dynamics, however, less attention has been paid to thermal and gravity. The analysis of basin tectonic dynamics only through its stress would lead to conclusions far away from or even opposite to the fact. (3) Late reformation of basin and restoration of paleo-structure of basin. There are various types and different forms of strong reformation at the end of or even after the basin evolution, which lead to great changes in the appearance of original sedimentary basin. For instance, the reformation of differential uplift and subsidence and differential erosion may cause the change of the original appearance of the basin,which would further influence the hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation states. It is therefore of great importance to study late reformation and restoration of paleo-structure and prototype of basin. This study is also very difficult. (4) Basin dynamic evolution and dynamic background: such as basin-mountain coupling relation, stable block agency, basin dynamic structural evolution and processes in the deep of the lithosphere, regional structure environment and its relation in time and space, re-study of the whole structural feature, etc. |
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| Keywords: | strike-slip structure lateral transform (transfer) structure detachment gliding structure texture of fracture belt thermal structure gravity structure late reformation and restoration of paleo-structure basin dynamic structural evolution and dynamic background basin-mountain coupling |
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