| 汶川地震断裂作用研究新认识 |
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| 引用本文： | 王焕,李海兵,司家亮,孙知明,付小方,刘栋梁,裴军令,李成龙,张佳佳,宋圣荣,郭力伟,MORI James,薛莲,BRODSKY E. Emily,云锟,龚正.汶川地震断裂作用研究新认识[J].地球学报,2015,36(3):257-269. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王焕 李海兵 司家亮 孙知明 付小方 刘栋梁 裴军令 李成龙 张佳佳 宋圣荣 郭力伟 MORI James 薛莲 BRODSKY E. Emily 云锟 龚正 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国地质科学院地质研究所,中国地质科学院地质研究所,中国地质科学院地质研究所,中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,四川省地质调查院,中国地质科学院地质研究所,中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,中国地质大学(武汉);中国地质科学院地质研究所, 大陆构造与动力学国家重点实验室,成都理工大学;中国地质科学院地质研究所, 大陆构造与动力学国家重点实验室,国立台湾大学,国立台湾大学,日本京都大学,加州大学圣克鲁兹分校, 地球与行星科学系,加州大学圣克鲁兹分校, 地球与行星科学系,四川省地质调查院;中国地质科学院地质研究所, 大陆构造与动力学国家重点实验室,中国地质科学院地质研究所, 大陆构造与动力学国家重点实验室 |
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| 基金项目： | 国科学技术部项目(汶川地震断裂带科学钻探WFSD);中国地质调查局项目(编号: 12120114075801);国家自然科学基金项目(编号: 41330211) |
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| 摘 要： | 2008年汶川地震后,人们不得不思考问题是:大地震是如何发生的?下一次大地震什么时候发生?也就是涉及地质学家和地球物理学家一直未解决的科学问题:断层是如何破裂的?震后断裂是如何愈合的?我们试图通过对汶川地震断裂带结构、断裂摩擦行为和断裂愈合过程的研究来回答这些问题。本文将介绍通过对地表露头和汶川地震断裂科学钻探一号孔(WFSD)岩心中汶川地震主滑移带的详细研究,以及钻孔中长期温度监测来分析有关汶川地震断裂动态弱化和摩擦行为,并结合钻孔中长期水文监测计算所得断裂带渗透率变化,分析震后断裂愈合过程,进而探讨和认识汶川地震断裂作用所涉及的上述问题。经过详细研究,确定了汶川地震断裂带(映秀—北川断裂带)宽105~240 m、具有五个不同断裂岩组合的内部结构,是一条经常发生大地震、具多种弱化机制的断裂带;发现了汶川地震不仅具有同震石墨化作用,而且测量到目前世界上最低的动态摩擦系数(≤0.02),同时首次记录到大地震后断裂快速愈合信息。这些研究结果不仅直接回答了一直困扰在地震地质和地震物理学领域几十年的关键问题,而且对完善地震断裂理论和认识汶川地震机制具有极其重要的意义,为防震减灾提供了理论依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 汶川地震 同震弱化 断裂愈合 摩擦系数 映秀—北川断裂带 龙门山 |
Progress in the Study of the Wenchuan Earthquake Faulting |
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| WANG Huan,LI Hai-bing,SI Jia-Liang,SUN Zhi-ming,FU Xiao-fang,LIU Dong-liang,PEI Jun-ling,LI Cheng-long,ZHANG Jia-ji,SONG Sheng-rong,KUO Li-wei,MORI James,XUE Lian,BRODSKY E. Emily,YUN Kun and GONG Zheng.Progress in the Study of the Wenchuan Earthquake Faulting[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2015,36(3):257-269. |
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| Authors: | WANG Huan LI Hai-bing SI Jia-Liang SUN Zhi-ming FU Xiao-fang LIU Dong-liang PEI Jun-ling LI Cheng-long ZHANG Jia-ji SONG Sheng-rong KUO Li-wei MORI James XUE Lian BRODSKY E Emily YUN Kun and GONG Zheng |
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| Institution: | State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Sichuan Academy of Geological Survey,State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan);State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Chengdu University of Technology; State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,National Taiwan University,National Taiwan University,Disaster Prevention Research Institution, Kyoto University, Gokasho,Dept. of Earth & Planetary Sciences, University of CaliforniaSanta Cruz,Dept. of Earth & Planetary Sciences, University of CaliforniaSanta Cruz,Sichuan Academy of Geological Survey;State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences |
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| Abstract: | After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, questions as to how earthquakes occur and when the next large earthquake happens have been asked. These questions are involved in the scientific questions which have been unsolved by geologists and geophysicists, for examples, how do faults rupture? How do faults heal in preparation for the next earthquake? The authors are trying to answer these questions by investigating the internal structures of the Wenchuan earthquake fault zone, fault friction behavior and healing process. The principal slip zone of the Wenchuan earthquake was determined by detailed research based on the WFSD-1 core and outcrop investigation. The dynamic weakening and friction behavior of the Wenchuan earthquake fault was analyzed by long-term temperature monitoring. Long-term hydrological monitoring reveals permeability variations in the Wenchuan fault zone which indicate fault healing process. Based on the information obtained, this paper discusses the Wenchuan earthquake faulting process and the above questions. It is confirmed that the Wenchuan earthquake fault zone (the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault zone) was 105~240 m wide and consisted of 5 different units with different fault rocks, where seismic events occurred repeatedly with multiple coseismic fault weakening mechanisms. Coseismic graphitization occurred during the Wenchuan earthquake; the lowest dynamic friction coefficient (0.02) was measured, and for the first time, the signals showing quick fault healing were recorded. These results not only directly answer the key questions that have puzzled geologists and seismophysiccal researchers for decades but also have important significance for improving the seismic faulting theory and understanding the Wenchuan earthquake fault mechanisms, thus providing a theoretical basis for seismic prevention and disaster mitigation. |
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