| 云南红河州超大规模离子吸附型稀土矿的发现及其意义 |
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| 引用本文： | 王学求,周建,张必敏,刘东盛,徐善法,王玮,王强,乔宇,谢明君,刘福田,迟清华,刘昱恒,胡庆海,严桃桃,李瑞红,田密,吴慧,刘汉粮,柳青青.云南红河州超大规模离子吸附型稀土矿的发现及其意义[J].地球学报,2022,43(4):509-519. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王学求 周建 张必敏 刘东盛 徐善法 王玮 王强 乔宇 谢明君 刘福田 迟清华 刘昱恒 胡庆海 严桃桃 李瑞红 田密 吴慧 刘汉粮 柳青青 |
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| 作者单位： | 自然资源部地球化学探测重点实验室, 中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所;联合国教科文组织全球尺度地球化学国际研究中心 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国地质调查局地质调查项目(编号: DD20190451);国家重点研发计划项目(编号: 2016YFC0600600);深部探测专项(编号: Sinoprobe-04) |
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| 摘 要： | 围绕国家战略性产业发展对稀土资源的需求, 特别是紧缺的重稀土资源, 如何快速有效地发现富含重稀土矿床找矿靶区是勘查地球化学急需解决的问题。“化学地球”大科学计划获得全国地球化学基准数据, 圈定稀土异常超常富集区9处, 其中新发现的滇南红河州蒙自—中越边境地区稀土富集区轻重稀土比值(LREE/HREE)为3.5, 与华南富含重稀土的离子吸附型稀土矿异常LREE/HREE比值一致。结合地质背景、成矿母岩、气候和地形地貌特点等初步判断具有寻找类似华南富含重稀土的离子吸附型稀土矿资源潜力。因此, 对这一异常的核心区, 开展了1:25万、1:5万地球化学调查和风化剖面测量, 并经29个钻孔验证, 初步发现马鞍底潜在超大型富含重稀土离子吸附型稀土矿。富矿区分布于坡度较缓的坡脚处, 风化母岩为印支期和燕山期花岗岩、元古界斜长片麻岩和变粒岩。风化剖面厚度最深可达25 m左右, 富矿层位位于全风化层, 一般在2~13 m深度, 矿体平均厚度6~13 m, 最厚可达21 m, 平均品位0.14%。根据29个钻孔和84个风化壳剖面测量, 初步估算稀土潜在矿石量约9.46亿吨、稀土氧化物潜在资源约100万吨。这是我国首次在滇南地区发现潜在超大型离子吸附型稀土矿。该离子吸附型稀土矿同时富含轻稀土(镧、铈、镨、钕)和重稀土(钆、铽、镝、钇), 具有重大经济价值和科学意义。这一发现表明开展从极低密度、低密度到高密度地球化学调查, 获得全部16个稀土元素高质量数据是发现离子吸附型稀土矿的快速有效方法。
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| 关 键 词： | 离子吸附型稀土矿 重稀土 地球化学勘查 化学地球 发现 马鞍底 云南红河州 |
Finding and Implication of an Undiscovered Giant Deposit of Ion-adsorption Rare Earth Elements in Honghe, South Yunnan, China |
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| WANG Xue-qiu,ZHOU Jian,ZHANG Bi-min,LIU Dong-sheng,XU Shan-f,WANG Wei,WANG Qiang,QIAO Yu,XIE Ming-jun,LIU Fu-tian,CHI Qing-hu,LIU Yu-heng,HU Qing-hai,YAN Tao-tao,LI Rui-hong,TIAN Mi,WU Hui,LIU Han-liang,LIU Qing-qing.Finding and Implication of an Undiscovered Giant Deposit of Ion-adsorption Rare Earth Elements in Honghe, South Yunnan, China[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2022,43(4):509-519. |
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| Authors: | WANG Xue-qiu ZHOU Jian ZHANG Bi-min LIU Dong-sheng XU Shan-f WANG Wei WANG Qiang QIAO Yu XIE Ming-jun LIU Fu-tian CHI Qing-hu LIU Yu-heng HU Qing-hai YAN Tao-tao LI Rui-hong TIAN Mi WU Hui LIU Han-liang LIU Qing-qing |
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| Institution: | Key Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Ministry of Natural Resources,Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences;UNESCO International Centre on Global-scale Geochemistry |
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| Abstract: | Rare earth elements (REEs), particularly heavy rare earth elements (HREE), are critically needed by high-tech industries and modern society. Geochemical methods are used in the exploration and delineation of the targets of HREE-enriched deposits. A total of 9 REE-enriched geochemical provinces were delineated throughout China by Mapping Chemical Earth Program-China Geochemical Baselines project. The targets with 3.5 of LREE/HREE, similar to the ion-adsorption HREE-enriched deposits discovered in Huanan, located in Honghe, Yunnan province, southwestern China, were selected for follow-up geochemical surveys at scales of 1:250 000 and 1:50 000. A giant ion-adsorbed REE deposit with an ore reserve of 946 million tones and TRE2O3 reserve of approximately 1.0 million tones at an average REE grade of 0.14% has been discovered by a drilling program at Maandi, Honghe. The ore bodies hosted in regolith range in depth from 2 m to 13 m, which developed from the parent rocks of Indosinian and Yanshanian granites and Proterozoic gneiss and leptynite, and are distributed at gentle slope areas. This is the first discovery of ion-adsorption REE deposits containing LREE (La, Ce, Pr and Nd) and HREE (Gd, Tb, Dy and Y) with both economic and scientific value in south Yunan, China. This finding shows that global-, regional- to local-scale geochemical surveys by using wide-spaced, low-density and high-density sampling to provide high-quality data of 16 rare earth elements is a cost-effective method to delineate targets for regolith-hosted ion-adsorption HREE deposits. |
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| Keywords: | ion-adsorption deposit HREE geochemical survey Mapping Chemical Earth discovery Maandi Honghe of Yunnan |
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