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中国玛珥湖及其研究意义
引用本文:储国强,刘嘉麒.中国玛珥湖及其研究意义[J].岩石学报,2018,34(1):4-12.
作者姓名:储国强  刘嘉麒
作者单位:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所新生代地质与环境重点实验室, 北京 100029,中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所新生代地质与环境重点实验室, 北京 100029
基金项目:本文受国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0603401)和国家自然科学基金项目(41320104006、41672174、41371219)联合资助.
摘    要:随着全球变化研究的深入,科学家们认识到古气候变化除轨道尺度的冰期/间冰期旋回之外还存在年代际-千年尺度的高频变化和突变事件。要认知这些变化,古气候记录的时间分辨率要达到"年-年代际"。因此,寻求时间跨度长、连续性好、信息丰富的高分辨率记录是过去全球变化研究面临的主要任务之一。玛珥湖为火山射汽喷发形成的封闭湖泊,由于其独特的形成机制及水文背景,使其能够提供数万年乃至几十万年连续稳定的沉积记录,是高分辨率古气候、古环境变化研究的重要对象。中国玛珥湖得天独厚,从热带到寒温带均有分布,为系统研究中国不同气候区各种时间尺度古气候变化规律提供了理想材料。本文基于中国玛珥湖的分布及沉积特征,探讨玛珥湖沉积记录能够为古全球变化研究做出怎样的贡献,解决什么科学问题,具体包括以下三个方面的内容:(1)在轨道尺度上,精确定位现代气候在地质历史中的位置是未来最具挑战性的科学问题之一。我国热带地区玛珥湖沉积物跨越了至少4个冰期-间冰期旋回,能够为理解冰期驱动机制、下一次冰期来临、高低纬关联等关键科学问题提供多学科数据;(2)千年尺度古气候变化,其成因可能源于不同的动力学机制,是气候系统对各种外部和内部驱动因子响应的结果,因此千年震荡可能存在明显的时空差异。集成不同气候带的玛珥湖沉积记录将为理解千年震荡规律及其驱动因子做出贡献;(3)年-年代际气候变化是预测未来气候变化的基础,PAGES、IPCC以及PAGES-Asia 2K均将过去2千年来气候变化作为预测未来几十年至百年尺度上重大全球变化的背景,并为此构建全球数据体系,玛珥湖沉积特别是纹层沉积记录能够填补某些地区高分辨率数据的空白。

关 键 词:玛珥湖  火山射汽喷发  沉积  中国  轨道尺度准周期变化  千年震荡  年~年代际尺度古气候变化
收稿时间:2017/9/1 0:00:00
修稿时间:2017/12/12 0:00:00

Maar lakes in China and their significance in paleoclimatic research
CHU GuoQiang and LIU JiaQi.Maar lakes in China and their significance in paleoclimatic research[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2018,34(1):4-12.
Authors:CHU GuoQiang and LIU JiaQi
Institution:Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China and Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Abstract:As research progress in the Past Global Changes, scientists understand that Earth''s paleoclimate varies at quasi-periodicities ranging from millennial to decadal timescale and intervened by abrupt paleoclimatic events besides the low-frequency orbital variations. In order to well understand these variations, the time resolution of paleoclimatic archives should be at annual-decadal timescale, and cover longer time scale and enrich in paleoclimatic information. Maar Lakes are the products of Phreatomagmatic volcanic eruptions. They can provide a continuously sedimentary record spanning hundreds of thousands of years. In China, Maar lakes distribute from tropical to the North Temperate Zone, and are ideal documents for studying regional climatic variability and dynamics at different temporal scales. In view of Maar lakes in China, we present some scientific questions that may be obtained from Maar lake archives. On the orbital timescale, a challenging scientific question is what time the next glacial age will be onset. The sedimentary record in tropical maar lakes in southern China span at least four glacial-interglacial cycles. They provide excellent document for understanding scientific questions such as predicting the onset of next ice age, the interaction of ice sheet dynamics and carbon cycle, and links between high and low latitude. On the millennial timescale, one of the puzzling features of Earth''s past climate is that a series of paleoclimatic oscillations occurred roughly at millennial years and abrupt paleoclimatic events recorded in paleoclimatic archives. They may be inherent nature in Earth, but with different physical appearances and dynamic origins. In order to gain an overall view on a hemispherical scale, regional sedimentary documents derived from different localities will greatly help us to integrate regional data and understand dynamics between atmospheres and oceans. On annual to decadal timescale, the paleoclimatic data of last two millennia is a key data-base of global network. As a basis for evaluating and projecting global changes, PAGES, IPCC and Asia-2K are striving for this goal. Archives from sediments of Maar lakes, especially annually laminated sediments, will provide high-resolution dataset in data-sparse regions.
Keywords:Maar lake  Phreatomagmatic eruption  Sediment  China  Orbital cycles  Millennial oscillations  Paleoclimatic changes on annual to decadal timescale
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