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西藏冈底斯中新世斑岩铜矿带:埃达克质斑岩成因与构造控制
引用本文:侯增谦,高永丰,孟祥金,曲晓明,黄卫.西藏冈底斯中新世斑岩铜矿带:埃达克质斑岩成因与构造控制[J].岩石学报,2004,20(2):239-248.
作者姓名:侯增谦  高永丰  孟祥金  曲晓明  黄卫
作者单位:1. 中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京,100037
2. 石家庄经济学院,河北,石家庄,050031
3. 西藏地勘局第六地质大队,西藏,拉萨,851400
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“印度-亚洲大陆主碰撞成矿作用”(项目编号:2002CB412600)资助。
摘    要:作为贱金属主要来源的斑岩铜矿床,大多数产出于大陆边缘和岛弧环境。普遍认为,被俯冲洋壳板片释放流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融形成的玄武质岩浆,在相对封闭系统结晶分异和/或同化混染形成含铜长英质岩浆。然而,我们的研究表明,在西藏碰撞造山带,发育一条具有巨大成矿潜力的中新世斑岩铜矿带,含铜斑岩具有埃达克岩地球化学特性,来源于被加厚的藏南镁铁质下地壳,但俯冲的新特提斯洋壳板片部分熔融也不能完全被排除。斑岩铜矿形成于陆-陆后碰撞伸展时期(13~18Ma),即青藏高原迅速抬升之后。横切碰撞造山带的南北向正断层系统,类似于岛弧环境下的横切弧的断层系统,成为埃达克质斑岩岩浆快速上升和就位的通道与场所,并使岩浆热液系统中大量的含矿流体充分地分离而成矿。

关 键 词:构造控制  埃达克岩  斑岩铜矿  碰撞造山带  西藏
文章编号:1000-0569/2004/020(02)-0239-48
修稿时间:2003年9月24日

Genesis of adakitic porphyry and tectonic controls on the Gangdese Miocene porphyry copper belt in the Tibetan orogen
HOU ZengQian,GAO YongFeng,MENG Xiangjin,QU XiaoMing,HUANG Wei Institute of Mineral Resource,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing,China Shijiazhuang College of Economy,Shijiazhuang,China Xizang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,Lhas,Tibet,China.Genesis of adakitic porphyry and tectonic controls on the Gangdese Miocene porphyry copper belt in the Tibetan orogen[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2004,20(2):239-248.
Authors:HOU ZengQian  GAO YongFeng  MENG Xiangjin  QU XiaoMing  HUANG Wei Institute of Mineral Resource  Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Beijing  China Shijiazhuang College of Economy  Shijiazhuang  China Xizang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources  Lhas  Tibet  China
Abstract:Most porphyry Cu deposits, a main source of base metals, occur in continent and island-arcs. Cu-bearing felsic magmas were widely regarded to be derived from the basaltic paternal magma that was formed by melting of the mande wedge, metasomatized by hydrous fluid released from the subducted oceanic slab and then evolved by crystal fractionation with or without assimilation. However, the data we present here indicate that a Miocene porphyry Cu belt with large mineral potential occurs in the Tibetan collisional orogen, and Cu-bearing porphyries show the geochemical characteristics of adakites, which were mainly derived directly from the thickened mafic lower-crust or the subducted New-Tethyan oceanic slab. The porphyry Cu systems developed during post-collisional extension after rapid uplift of the Tibetan plateau before 13 ~ 18 Ma ago. Like arc-transverse faults in arc settings, SN-trending normal faulting systems across the Tibetan orogen resulted in rapid rising and localization of adakitic porphyry magmas and sufficiently separating of large-volume Cu-bearing fluids from the magmatic-hydrothermal systems.
Keywords:Tibet  Collisional orogen  Adakitic rock  Porphyry copper deposit  Tectonic control
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