| 地壳不同构造层次岩石变形机制及其构造岩类型 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘正宏,陈煜嵩,贾振杨,俆仲元,李刚,李文庆.地壳不同构造层次岩石变形机制及其构造岩类型[J].岩石学报,2020,36(8):2344-2356. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘正宏 陈煜嵩 贾振杨 俆仲元 李刚 李文庆 |
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| 作者单位： | 吉林大学地球科学学院, 长春 130061;自然资源部东北亚矿产资源评价重点实验室, 长春 130061 |
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| 基金项目： | 本文受国家自然科学基金项目（41772212、41872203、41872194）和自然资源部东北亚矿产资源评价重点实验室自主课题基金（DBY-ZZ-18-07、DBY-ZZ-19-24）联合资助. |
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| 摘 要： | 构造岩记录地壳构造变形演化重要信息,其成因、分类与命名一直没有统一认识。本文对构造岩变形机制、控制因素和构造岩分类进行系统总结。认为构造岩形成受物质成分、变形机制、应变速率、流体、温度、压力等因素控制,是物质成分与物理化学条件、变形机制等众多变量的函数。变形机制包括破裂作用、碎裂流动、晶质塑性、物质扩散、重结晶作用和超塑性流动,不同变形机制出现在不同地壳构造层次中,形成不同的显微组构。依据成因机制、物质组成和组构等标志对构造岩分类与命名进行重新修订,将构造岩划分为碎裂岩系列和变质构造岩系列,前者发育在地壳浅构造层次上,以破裂作用和碎裂流动变形机制为主;后者发育在中深部构造层次上,以晶质塑性、重结晶作用、物质扩散作用和超塑性流动作用为主。碎裂岩系列划分碎裂岩、角砾岩、微角砾岩、超碎裂岩、断层泥和假玄武玻璃;变质构造岩系列划分为构造片岩、糜棱岩和构造片麻岩。依据岩石流变性质、变形机制和构造岩分布,地壳构造层次划分为:脆性域,变形机制以碎裂作用和碎裂流动为主,发育碎裂岩系列;脆-韧性转换域,以晶质塑性、物质扩散和重结晶作用为主,并伴随有碎裂作用,形成糜棱岩、千糜岩和构造片岩;低温韧性域,以晶质塑性、物质扩散和重结晶作为主,发育糜棱岩与构造片岩;高温韧性域,以超塑性蠕变和重结晶作用为主,形成构造片麻岩。
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| 关 键 词： | 构造岩 变形机制 流变 构造层次 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/5/1 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/7/3 0:00:00 |
Deformation mechanism and tectonic rock types at different tectonic levels of the crust |
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| LIU ZhengHong,CHEN YuShong,JIA ZhenYang,XU ZhongYuan,LI Gang,LI WenQing.Deformation mechanism and tectonic rock types at different tectonic levels of the crust[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2020,36(8):2344-2356. |
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| Authors: | LIU ZhengHong CHEN YuShong JIA ZhenYang XU ZhongYuan LI Gang LI WenQing |
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| Institution: | College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China;Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changchun 130061, China |
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| Abstract: | The tectonic rocks record important information of crustal deformation and evolution, but their genesis, classification and naming are still controversial. The deformation mechanism, control factors and classification of tectonic rocks are systematically summarized in this paper. It is believed that formation of tectonic rocks is controlled by material composition, deformation mechanism, strain rate, fluid, temperature, pressure, etc., being a function of many variables, such as material composition, physical and chemical conditions, deformation mechanism, etc. Deformation mechanisms include rupture, cataclastic flow, crystalline plasticity, material diffusion, recrystallization and superplastic flow. They occur at different crustal tectonic levels and lead to formation of different types of microstructures. The classification and naming of tectonic rocks are revised according to genetic mechanism, material composition and structure. The tectonic rocks are divided into cataclastic series and metamorphic tectonic series, the former develops at the shallow tectonic level of the crust through the mechanism of fracture and fragmentation flow deformation, while the latter develops at the middle and deep tectonic level through crystalline plasticity, recrystallization, material diffusion and superplastic flow. The cataclastic series includes cataclastic rocks, breccia, micro breccia, ultracataclasiter, gouge and pseudotachylyte. The series of metamorphic tectonic rocks consists of tectonic schist, mylonite and tectonic gneiss. According to the rheological properties, deformation mechanism and tectonic distribution of rocks, the crustal tectonic domain is divided into: brittle domai, the deformation mechanism is dominated by cataclastic action and cataclastic flow, the development of cataclastic series; brittle-ductile transition domain, dominated by crystalline plasticity, material diffusion and recrystallization, accompanied by cataclastic action, forming mylonite, phyllonite and tectonic schist; low temperature toughness domain, dominated by crystalline plasticity, material diffusion and recrystallization, forming mylonite and tectonic chists; high temperature toughness domains, dominated by superplasticity creep, material diffusion, forming tectonic gneiss. |
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| Keywords: | Tectonite Deformation mechanism Rheology Tectonic level |
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