| 阿尔金断裂带新生代活动在柴达木盆地中的响应 |
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| 引用本文： | 潘家伟,李海兵,孙知明,刘栋梁,吴婵,于常青.阿尔金断裂带新生代活动在柴达木盆地中的响应[J].岩石学报,2015,31(12):3701-3712. |
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| 作者姓名： | 潘家伟 李海兵 孙知明 刘栋梁 吴婵 于常青 |
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| 作者单位： | 大陆构造与动力学国家重点实验室, 中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037,大陆构造与动力学国家重点实验室, 中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037,中国地质科学院地质力学研究所, 北京 100081,大陆构造与动力学国家重点实验室, 中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037,大陆构造与动力学国家重点实验室, 中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037,大陆构造与动力学国家重点实验室, 中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037 |
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| 基金项目： | 本文受国家自然科学基金项目(41202156、41330211)、中国地质调查局地质大调查项目(12120115026901、12120115027001)、中国地质科学院地质研究所基本科研业务费项目(J1520)和中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院"柴达木盆地成盆演化"项目联合资助. |
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| 摘 要： | 阿尔金断裂新生代以来发生多期次的走滑运动,并伴随强烈的隆升作用,进而影响柴达木盆地新生代的构造演化。本文通过遥感卫星影像解译、地震反射剖面解释、区域地层分析,结合野外考察资料对阿尔金断裂新生代活动在柴达木盆地中的响应进行了研究。对柴达木盆地卫星影像的解译发现盆地中褶皱形态指示了近东西走向的褶皱构造带与近南北走向的褶皱构造带的叠加干涉效应,其中近东西向褶皱构造带是在印度/欧亚板块碰撞作用下青藏高原隆升并向北东扩展过程的响应,近南北向褶皱构造带是阿尔金断裂新生代活动的响应。对NW-SE向穿过阿尔金山-柴达木盆地的盆山结合带地震反射剖面的再解释,发现新生代地层中发育的多层生长地层,记录了阿尔金断裂新生代活动的信息。对盆地中新生代地层分布等厚图褶皱干涉样式的分析表明,上油砂山组沉积时期(14.9Ma)阿尔金断裂活动已经明显影响到柴达木盆地,而狮子沟组沉积时期(8.2~2.6Ma)断裂活动对柴达木盆地改造最强。通过对研究区已有的低温热年代学数据和沉积、构造、磁性地层年代学等方面研究成果的总结和分析,认为阿尔金断裂在新生代至少存在三期(~30Ma,~8Ma、~2.6Ma)强烈的构造活动和隆升作用,在柴达木盆地内表现为相应地质时代沉积速率的加快、沉积物岩性的变化、构造地貌的变形和同构造生长地层的出现。其中后两期(~8Ma、~2.6Ma)构造活动在整个青藏高原及周边地区广泛存在,为准同期构造事件,而月牙山地区地震地表破裂带的发现则表明阿尔金断裂带现在仍在强烈活动,并且直接影响到了柴达木盆地。阿尔金断裂带新生代以来的构造活动具有多期性,并影响和改造了柴达木盆地,可能对油气成藏有重要影响。
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| 关 键 词： | 新生代 构造响应 盆山耦合 阿尔金断裂 柴达木盆地 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/6/15 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 9/7/2015 12:00:00 AM |
Tectonic responses in the Qaidam basin induced by Cenozoic activities of the Altyn Tagh fault |
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| PAN JiaWei,LI HaiBing,SUN ZhiMing,LIU DongLiang,WU Chan and YU ChangQing.Tectonic responses in the Qaidam basin induced by Cenozoic activities of the Altyn Tagh fault[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2015,31(12):3701-3712. |
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| Authors: | PAN JiaWei LI HaiBing SUN ZhiMing LIU DongLiang WU Chan and YU ChangQing |
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| Institution: | State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China,State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China,Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China,State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China,State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China and State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China |
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| Abstract: | The Altyn Tagh fault has experienced periods of strike slip motion during Cenozoic, accompanying by intense tectonic uplift. These strike slip activities have influenced the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Qaidam basin. By interpretation of satellite images and seismic profiles, regional strata analysis, combining our new data from field investigation, we found evidences responding to the Cenozoic activities of the Altyn Tagh fault in the Qaidam basin. By interpretaion of satellite images, we found that the morphology of folds in the western Qaidam basin displays an interference pattern, with the nearly SN extending fold refolded the nearly EW extending old fold belt. The EW extending fold belt formed by SN squeezing responds to uplift and northeastward propagation of the Tibetan Plateau, while the SN extending fold is caused by activities of the Altyn Tagh fault. Interpretation of the NW-SE extending seismic reflection profiles, which cross the Altyn Tagh fault-Qaidam basin transition zone, demonstrate growth strata were developed in different Cenozoic strata unit. These growth strata recorded Cenozoic activities of the Altyn Tagh fault. Isopach maps of the Cenozoic strata in the Qaidam basin also display a fold interference pattern, which indicate that activities of the Altyn Tagh fault has already influenced the Qaidam basin at the initiation of the Shangyoushashan Formation (14.9Ma). The Qaidam basin is intensely influenced by the Altyn Tagh fault at the periods that Shizigou Formation deposited (8.2~2.6Ma). By summarizing and analyzing previous sedimentological, tectonic, magnetostratigraphic, and low temperature thermochronology data in the study area, we conclude that the Altyn Tagh fault experienced at least 3 intense activity periods during Cenozoic, which are ~30Ma,~8Ma, and ~2.6Ma respectively. Responses to the fault activities in the Qaidam basin are increasing of the accumulation rate, abrupt changing of the lithology, deformation of the tectonic geomorphology, and initiation of growth strata. The last 2 periods of activities are penecontemporaneous tectonic events that have been found all over the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding area. Our new discovery of earthquake surface rupture zone in the Yueyashan area, western Qaidam basin, indicate the Altyn Tagh fault is still active today, and is influencing the Qaidam basin directly. In conclusion, the Altyn Tagh fault has experienced periods of activities during Cenozoic, affected and changed geological condition of the Qaidam basin, and may have significant influences on the formation of the oil and gas resources. |
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| Keywords: | Cenozoic Tectonic response Basin-mountain coupling Altyn Tagh fault Qaidam basin |
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