| 金属硫化物微生物氧化的机制和效应 |
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| 引用本文： | 陆现彩,李娟,刘欢,李伟洁,王睿勇,陆建军.金属硫化物微生物氧化的机制和效应[J].岩石学报,2019,35(1):153-163. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陆现彩 李娟 刘欢 李伟洁 王睿勇 陆建军 |
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| 作者单位： | 表生地球化学教育部重点实验室, 南京大学地球科学与工程学院, 南京 210023;内生金属矿床成矿机制国家重点实验室, 南京大学地球科学与工程学院, 南京 210023,内生金属矿床成矿机制国家重点实验室, 南京大学地球科学与工程学院, 南京 210023,内生金属矿床成矿机制国家重点实验室, 南京大学地球科学与工程学院, 南京 210023,表生地球化学教育部重点实验室, 南京大学地球科学与工程学院, 南京 210023,南京大学生命科学学院, 南京 210023,内生金属矿床成矿机制国家重点实验室, 南京大学地球科学与工程学院, 南京 210023 |
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| 基金项目： | 本文受国家"973"计划项目（2014CB846004）和国家自然科学基金项目（41602029、41425009）联合资助. |
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| 摘 要： | 岩石露头和矿山废弃物中的金属硫化物在地表、近地表条件下的氧化作用往往导致多种环境问题,因此,金属硫化物的地表风化一直是备受关注的表生过程之一。越来越多的证据表明微生物对矿物的氧化在金属硫化物风化过程中发挥着重要作用。实验研究发现:微生物在金属硫化物表面附着并形成微生物膜,在矿物-微生物膜界面微环境中存在着强烈的微生物氧化和化学氧化作用,两种氧化作用相互协同、共同促进。在此过程中,金属硫化物的S、As、Fe等元素经历了复杂的电子传递、逐级氧化的动力学过程,最终形成稳定的高铁硫酸盐或氧化物,并形成大量的酸性排水。该过程受多种因素的影响,包括细菌种类、光照和溶液Fe~(2+)浓度等。金属硫化物的微生物氧化直接导致重金属大量释放和严重的环境危害,释放的酸性排水还引发碳酸盐矿物分解和CO_2排放,会对全球碳循环产生不可忽视的影响。在地球演化的早期阶段,金属硫化物氧化消耗大气氧气可能导致大氧化进程滞后。尽管关于金属硫化物-微生物相互作用研究取得了长足的进展,但金属硫化物微生物氧化的分子机制和全球尺度的元素地球化学循环还有待深入研究,原位纳米观测技术的引入和全球物质循环模型研究具有必要性和紧迫性,同时也对生物冶金技术的发展有着重要的意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 金属硫化物 微生物 氧化机制 环境效应 生物冶金 元素循环 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/7/25 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/11/11 0:00:00 |
Microbial oxidation of metal sulfides and its consequences |
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| LU XianCai,LI Juan,LIU Huan,LI WeiJie,WANG RuiYong and LU JianJun.Microbial oxidation of metal sulfides and its consequences[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2019,35(1):153-163. |
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| Authors: | LU XianCai LI Juan LIU Huan LI WeiJie WANG RuiYong and LU JianJun |
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| Institution: | MOE Key Lab of Surficial Geochemistry, School of Earth Sciences & Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;State Key Lab for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences & Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023,State Key Lab for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences & Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023,State Key Lab for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences & Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023,MOE Key Lab of Surficial Geochemistry, School of Earth Sciences & Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China,School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China and State Key Lab for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences & Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 |
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| Abstract: | The oxidation of various sulfides in mining wastes and rock outcrops commonly leads to environmental problems. Therefore, surface weathering of metal sulfide has been one of the most concerned epigenetic processes. More and more geological facts and experiments indicate microorganism play crucial roles in these processes. Microorganism cells tend to attach onto sulfide surface and construct biofilms. In the interface microenvironment between mineral surface and biofilm, microbial oxidation and chemical oxidation mutually promote the decomposition of sulfides and intensively erode the sulfide surfaces. The elements of the sulfide (e.g., S, As and Fe) experience complicate processes of electron transferring and step-by-step oxidation, and produce ferric sulfates and oxides finally as well as large amounts of acid mine drainage bearing various heavy metals. The microbial oxidation is generally influenced by factors, such as bacteria type, light and Fe2+ concentrations in solution. Therefore, the release of heavy metals due to sulfides oxidation commonly brings serious environmental harm, and the produced AMD leads to decomposition of carbonate minerals and thereafter influences the global carbon cycle. Meanwhile, the consumption of oxygen probably had slowed down the oxygenation of earth atmosphere in the Archean-Proterozoic eras. Although the understanding on the microbe-mineral interaction has been greatly promoted in last decades, there are plenty rooms for the studies on the mechanism at atomic level and the impacts of the microbial oxidation on the geochemical cycles at the global level, and thus it is imperative and urgent to employ in-situ measurement techniques and global geochemical models. The related studies also favor the development of biological metallurgical technologies. |
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| Keywords: | Metal sulfide Microorganism Oxidation mechanism Environmental consequence Microbial hydrometallurgy Elemental cycling |
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