| 广州市大气颗粒物PM2.5显微形貌特征和来源解析 |
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| 引用本文： | 周莉,石贵勇,付宇,关瑶,陈来国.广州市大气颗粒物PM2.5显微形貌特征和来源解析[J].岩矿测试,2016,35(3):302-309. |
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| 作者姓名： | 周莉 石贵勇 付宇 关瑶 陈来国 |
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| 作者单位： | 中山大学海洋学院, 广东 广州 510275,中山大学海洋学院, 广东 广州 510275;广东省海洋资源与近岸工程重点实验室, 广东 广州 510275,中山大学海洋学院, 广东 广州 510275,中山大学海洋学院, 广东 广州 510275,环境保护部华南环境科学研究所, 广东 广州 510655 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助项目(41373012);广州市科信局应用基础专项节能环保项目(2013J4100115) |
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| 摘 要： | PM2.5是近年来影响我国城市大气环境的首要污染物,其成因机制复杂。本文采用扫描电镜和ICP-MS研究了广州市大气颗粒物PM2.5的显微形貌及其化学组成特征,并应用富集因子法进行源解析。结果表明,PM2.5的颗粒形态以无定形态为主;主要物质表现为含Fe、Mg、Al、K、Na的硅酸盐组合,具有道路扬尘、建筑施工排放等一次粒子特征;单个无定形颗粒物能谱表现出硫酸盐+硝酸盐的组合特征,为汽车尾气所排放的前体污染气体NOx和SO2进入大气环境中,在特定的物理化学条件下通过成核作用发生相态改变所形成的二次粒子。PM2.5中高度富集Cd、Se、Zn、Cu、Pb、As等重金属,异常富集的Br主要为当地普遍使用的阻燃剂十溴联苯醚和拆解电子垃圾所致,稀土元素的浓度在0.022~0.582 ng/m3之间,具有重稀土元素富集的特征。这些特征反映出广州市PM2.5颗粒物的组成既有一次粒子,也有二次粒子,物质来源具有多重性。
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| 关 键 词： | PM2.5 显微形貌特征 物质组成 源解析 扫描电镜 电感耦合等离子体质谱 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/1/10 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/5/15 0:00:00 |
Preliminary Study on the Microscopic Morphology and Chemical Composition, and Its Source of PM2.5 in Guangzhou |
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| ZHOU Li,SHI Gui-yong,FU Yu,Guan Yao and CHEN Lai-guo.Preliminary Study on the Microscopic Morphology and Chemical Composition, and Its Source of PM2.5 in Guangzhou[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,2016,35(3):302-309. |
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| Authors: | ZHOU Li SHI Gui-yong FU Yu Guan Yao and CHEN Lai-guo |
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| Institution: | School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China,School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou 510006, China,School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China,School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China and South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou 510655, China |
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| Abstract: | PM2.5 is the primary pollutants which influenced the urban atmospheric environment recent years, and its genetic mechanism is more complicated. The microscopic morphology and trace elements concentration of PM2.5 were determined in Guangzhou urban area in fall 2013, by using scanning electron microscope and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the enrichment factor method is adopted to carries on the the source apportionment of PM2.5. The results show that PM2.5 are composed of amorphousness fine particles mainly. Silicate combination containing Fe, Mg Al, K and Na are PM2.5''s main chemical composition, having the first fine particles characteristics from road dust and building. A single amorphous particle''s energy spectrum diagram showed the combination characteristics of sulfate and nitrate, which they could be precursor pollution gases of SO2 and NOx from automobile exhaust emissions into atmosphere environment, in particular physical and chemical conditions, though the nucleation induced phase behavior change and formed secondary fine particles. Heavy metals were highly enriched in the PM2.5, such as Cd, Se, Zn, Cu, Pb, As. Local widespread used deca bromine biphenyl ether as a flame retardant and a large number of E-waste dismantling is the main factor for abnormal enrichment of Br content in the fine particles, and the concentration of rare earth elements are between 0.022 to 0.582 ng/m3, with the characteristics of heavy rare earth elements enrichment in PM2.5. These features reflect that the composition of PM2.5 not only are made up of primary particles, but also are made up of secondary particles, and its emission source has multiplicity, in Guangzhou urban area. |
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| Keywords: | PM2 5 microscopic appearance characteristics chemical conponent source apportionment Scanning Electron Microscope Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry |
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