| 中国北方东部沙质荒漠化的地学观 |
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| 引用本文： | 李智佩,张维吉,王岷,聂浩刚,岳乐平.中国北方东部沙质荒漠化的地学观[J].西北地质,2002,35(3):7-22. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李智佩 张维吉 王岷 聂浩刚 岳乐平 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 西安地质矿产研究所,陕西,西安,710054
2. 西北大学,陕西,西安,710069 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国地质调查局国土资源大调查“中国三北地区荒漠化区域分类与发展趋势综合研究”项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 中国北方东部的土地荒漠化主要受新构造运动以来的权造－沉积特征、青藏高原隆升所引起的全球气候变化、尤其是亚洲季风等地质背景控制。北方东部沙质荒漠化区域地质分类，按其成因可分为就地起沙型、风沙型和土地粗粒化型等3种类型。其中，就地起沙型沙质荒漠化主要分布在东部毛乌素、科尔沁、浑善达克、呼伦贝尔等沙地内，流经这些沙地的古河道，广泛发育河湖相砂质沉积物以及以砂质沉积物为母质的土壤分布区。风沙型沙质荒漠化主要分布在上述沙地的边缘地带，如毛乌素沙地以南的覆沙黄土区等。土地粗化主要分布在内蒙古锡林郭勒草原－河北坝上草原－河北坝上草原，其土壤类型多为含砾沙土，其土壤母质为基岩风化壳、残坡积或冲洪积物。荒漠化发展趋势上，尽管就地起沙型沙质荒漠化在毛乌素、科尔沁和浑善达达沙地的局部地区均有所逆转，但总体上，在北方广大地区，主要以地表土壤粗化为主的荒漠化和风沙型荒漠化等均有不同程度的扩大。上述不同类型的沙质荒漠化，总体上受地背景控制。其中，第四纪以来的构造－沉积特征控制着不同类型荒漠化的区域分布，气候变化控制着荒漠化的进程，人类活动则是在上述背景的基础上进行。
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| 关 键 词： | 沙质荒漠化 中国北方 土地粗粒化 气候变化 人类活动 第四纪 构造－沉积特征 |
| 文章编号： | 1009-6248(2002)03-0007-16 |
Geological views on the sandy desertification of the east part of northern China |
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| LI Zhi pei ,ZHANG Wei ji ,WANG Min ,NIE Hao gang ,YUE Le ping.Geological views on the sandy desertification of the east part of northern China[J].Northwestern Geology,2002,35(3):7-22. |
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| Authors: | LI Zhi pei ZHANG Wei ji WANG Min NIE Hao gang YUE Le ping |
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| Institution: | LI Zhi pei 1,ZHANG Wei ji 1,WANG Min 1,NIE Hao gang 1,YUE Le ping 2 |
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| Abstract: | Land desertification of the east part of Northern China is mainly controlled by the geological backgrounds such as the tecto sedimentary characteristics, global climatic changes, especially the monsoon current in east Asia The regional geologic subdivisions of sandy desertification here could be divided into three types, which are termed as the localized type, the windblown type and the coarse grained desertification type Localized sandy desertification is mainly distributed over the areas of sands and deserts of which are Mu Us Shadi, Horqin Shadi, Hunshandake Shadi and Hulun Buir Shadi, areas of paleochannels which passed through these sands and deserts, the areas in which fluviatile and lacustrine sandy sedimentaries are widely spread, and the areas in which soil is developed on sandy sediments as well The windblown sandy desertification is distributed mainly at the edge of above deserts, such as sand covered loess areas at the south of Mu Us Shadi desert The coarse grained desertification distributes mainly at the Xilinguole grassland in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Bashang grassland in Hebei Province, because most of the soils in these areas are breccia bearing sand type of which mother substance are weathering crust of the base-rock, accumulations of remnant and slope, as well as accumulations of fluvial Despite the localized sandy desertification has been reversed to some extent in some areas of Mu Us Shadi, Horqin Shadi and Hunshandake Shadi sands, but the sandy desertification with the characteristics of coarse grained desertification and windblown types are widely developed in northern China It is considered that the above different type of sandy desertification is controlled as a whole by the geological backgrounds The tecto sedimentary characteristics since Quaternary epoch dominates regional distribution of different type desertification The process of desertification is controlled by climatic changes as well Furthermore, human impacts sandy desertification on the above metioned backgrounds |
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| Keywords: | sandy desertification North China localized sandy desertification coarse grained desertification |
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