| 我国重要有色金属资源——铜矿的现状及展望 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘小舟.我国重要有色金属资源——铜矿的现状及展望[J].西北地质,2007,40(1):83-88. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘小舟 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国冶金地质工程勘查总局西北地质勘查院汉中分院,陕西,汉中,723000 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国地质调查局地质调查项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 铜及其合金材料被广泛地应用于电子工业、机器制造、军事工业、农业等经济领域,是现代工业、农业、国防和科学技术必需的金属材料。铜在自然界中,主要呈硫化物及其类似化合物和铜的氧化物、自然铜以及铜的硫酸盐、碳酸盐、硅酸盐等类型矿物存在,已发现约有280多种,其中主要矿物16种。铜矿石的自然类型一般按物相分析中含氧化矿和硫化矿的比例不同,分为硫化矿石(含氧化铜在10%以下)、混合矿石(含氧化铜10%～30%)和氧化矿石(含氧化铜在30%以上)3种。我国铜矿主要分布在江西、云南、湖北、西藏、甘肃、安徽、山西、黑龙江等省,具有以下特点:(1)矿床规模小。(2)共生伴生矿多,品位低。(3)适合采用浸出-萃取-电积工艺的斑岩型铜矿少,降低生产成本的空间受到限制。(4)剩余储量中规模大、品位高的矿床多处于边远地区,外部建设条件差,在目前的金融、财税政策下,难以开发利用。总体上,我国铜矿资源在数量和品位等方面均比较差,其国际竞争力低,铜资源特别是富铜资源不足,已是不争的事实。近十余年来我国铜矿保有储量总体上处于一个相对平稳的状态,即新增探明储量和矿山消耗储量大体平衡。我国快速增长的铜消费主要靠进口解决。
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| 关 键 词： | 铜矿 用途 现状 展望 |
| 文章编号： | 1009-6248(2007)01-0083-06 |
| 修稿时间： | 2006-12-18 |
Copper Resources in China: Today and Tomorrow |
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| LIU Xiao-zhou.Copper Resources in China: Today and Tomorrow[J].Northwestern Geology,2007,40(1):83-88. |
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| Authors: | LIU Xiao-zhou |
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| Abstract: | Copper is widely utilized in the fields such as electronic industry,machinery,military and agriculture and is definitely indispensable to modernization for a country.In nature,copper exists mainly in such minerals as sulfide,oxide,native copper and copper sulfates,carbonate and silicate.Up to now, about 280 Cu-existing minerals have been discovered,of which 16 minerals are major ones.According to the proportion of Cu-bearing oxide and sulfide in copper ores,the copper ores can be classified as sulfide- ores in which the proportion of Cu-bearing oxides is less than 10%,mixed-ores which have Cu-bearing oxides is from 10% to 30%,and oxidized ores in which Cu-bearing oxide is more than 30%.In China,the copper deposits are mainly distributed in provinces of Jiangxi,Yunnan,Hubei,Tibet,Gansu,Anhui, Shanxi and Heilongjiang.The general characteristics of these copper deposits are as follows:(1) small scale.(2) dominated by low grade paragenetie and associated ores.(3) porphyry copper is not abundant, which is suitable to be processed at low cost.(4) of the available reserves,the large and high grade copper deposits lie mostly in remote regions,which are difficult to be developed in current economy.In fact,the general situation of copper resources in China is in low reserve,low grade and poor competition in the world.As a whole,the preserved Cu reserve in China is relatively stable,that is,the newly explored reserves are in balances with the consumed reserves.The sharply increasing demand for copper is mainly relied on import. |
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| Keywords: | copper utilization present prospect |
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