The origin of mineral waters in Kiseljak near Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina |
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| Authors: | Ferid Skopljak Tatjana Vlahović |
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| Institution: | (1) Federal Institute for Geology, Ustanička 11, 71 210 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;(2) Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia |
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| Abstract: | The mineral water deposits in Kiseljak are located in the central Dinarids, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the southwestern edge of Sarajevo–Zenica basin that was formed in the zone of Busova?a fault. Busova?a fault reaches deep into the Earth’s crust and is characterised by the presence of mineral and thermomineral water enriched with CO2 and CO2 springs (mofetes) in the direction of Ilid?a–Kiseljak–Busova?a. Deposits are constructed of layers of Palaeozoic to Cretaceous age. Primary aquifer of mineral waters is Permian clastites and evaporites and secondary Anisian carbonates. Mineral water and CO2 are of different origin. The water is of atmospheric origin. Due to slow circulation, water descends in the primary aquifer where it becomes enriched with CO2 and minerals. Due to high pressure in the primary aquifer mineral water ascends along Busova?a fault, mounts into the secondary aquifer and rises at spring sources. Water is a mixture of two or more waters of different mineralization. Mixing of water occurs in the zone of secondary aquifer even at greater depths without the influence of contemporary climatic factors. Intensive water mixing is indicated by the high ratio of Ca/Sr, Na/Cl and Ca/SO4 and the mixing diagram. CO2 is thermometamorphic, arising from the catalytic activity of SiO2 on carbonates in the deeper layers of the Earth’s crust, where quartz porphyry broke through Palaeozoic formations. |
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