| 南方岩溶区地下水资源特征与水资源保障对策 |
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| 引用本文： | 夏日元,卢海平,曹建文,赵良杰,王喆,栾崧.南方岩溶区地下水资源特征与水资源保障对策[J].中国地质,2022,49(4):1139-1153. |
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| 作者姓名： | 夏日元 卢海平 曹建文 赵良杰 王喆 栾崧 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 广西桂林 541004;中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 广西桂林 541004;河海大学水文水资源学院/河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210098 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国地质调查局项目（DD20160300、DD20190342）、国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（41902261）联合资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【研究目的】中国南方岩溶地区干旱缺水等问题异常突出，岩溶地下水赋存和分布的复杂，开发利用率低，基于多年调查研究工作为基础，系统总结南方岩溶区地下水资源特征，研讨水资源保障对策。【研究方法】基于南方岩溶区地下水资源特点、地下水系统类型、地下水系统空间结构的叠置性和时空分布不均性分析，提出南方岩溶区水资源保障对策。【研究结果】南方岩溶区可从以下三方面充分发挥地下水资源安全保障作用，一是掌握地下水赋存分布规律，发挥分散供水和应急供水作用；二是加强调蓄工程建设，解决水资源时空分布不均问题；三是建立与生态重建和经济发展相结合的地下水资源可持续利用模式。【结论】南方岩溶区地下水赋存条件复杂，具有表层带岩溶水系统、岩溶地下河与管道流系统、岩溶大泉系统以及分散排泄地下水系统多种类型，规模大小不一，开发利用形式多样；在垂向上具有叠置性，水空分布严重不均；开发利用潜力较大。在地球科学系统论的指导下，查明岩溶水资源赋存分布规律，科学评价地下水资源量，因地制宜制定水资源开发利用和保护方案，为脱贫攻坚、生态文明建设和乡村振兴提供技术支撑。创新点：以系统水文地质环境地质综合调查和地下水开发利用示范工作为基础，系统总结南方岩溶区地下水资源特点；针对岩溶区水资源安全保障问题，分析其主要原因，提出了水资源保障对策。
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| 关 键 词： | 地下水系统 水资源特征 可持续利用 保障对策 水文地质调查工程 岩溶区 中国南方 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/4/5 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021/7/22 0:00:00 |
Characteristics of groundwater resources of karst areas in the Southern China and water resources guarantee countermeasures |
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| XIA Riyuan,LU Haiping,CAO Jianwen,ZHAO Liangjie,WANG Zhe,LUAN Song.Characteristics of groundwater resources of karst areas in the Southern China and water resources guarantee countermeasures[J].Chinese Geology,2022,49(4):1139-1153. |
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| Authors: | XIA Riyuan LU Haiping CAO Jianwen ZHAO Liangjie WANG Zhe LUAN Song |
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| Institution: | Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China;Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China;College of Hydrology and Water Resourse, Hohai University/State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, China |
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| Abstract: | This paper is the result of the hydrogeological survey engineering.Objective] The problems of drought and water shortage in the karst areas of southern China are extremely prominent, the storage and distribution of karst groundwater are complex, and the utilization rate of development is low, based on years of investigation and research work, the characteristics of groundwater resources in the karst area in southern China are systematically summarized, and the countermeasures for water resources protection are studied.Methods]Based on the characteristics of groundwater resources, the types of groundwater systems, the spatial structure of groundwater systems, and the uneven distribution of time and space in the southern karst area, the countermeasures for water resources protection in the southern karst area are proposed.Results]The southern karst area can give full play to the role of groundwater resource security from the following three aspects:One is to grasp the law of groundwater storage and distribution, and play the role of decentralized water supply and emergency water supply. The second is to strengthen the construction of storage projects to solve the problem of unevenly distributed water resources. The third is to establish a sustainable use model of groundwater resources combined with ecological reconstruction and economic development.Conclusions]The groundwater storage conditions in the southern karst area are complex, and there are many types of karst water systems in the surface zone, karst underground rivers and pipeline flow systems, karst large spring systems and scattered discharge groundwater systems, with different scales and different development and utilization. It has superposition in the vertical upward, and the time-space distribution of karst groundwater is seriously uneven; The potential for development and utilization is large. Under the guidance of the earth science system theory, it is necessary to find out the law of the allocation and distribution of karst water resources, scientifically evaluate the amount of groundwater resources, and formulate water resources development, utilization and protection plans according to local conditions, to provide technical support for poverty alleviation, ecological civilization construction and rural revitalization.Highlights: Based on the systematic hydrogeological and environmental geological comprehensive survey and the demonstration work of groundwater development and utilization, systematically summarizes the attributes of groundwater resources in the southern karst zone; In view of the issue of water resource security in karst zones, the major reasons for this are analyzed are proposed, and water resources protection countermeasures are proposed. |
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| Keywords: | groundwater system characteristics of water resources sustainable utilization safeguard countermeasures hydrogeological survey engineering karst area Southern China |
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