| 无机生油假说及其在中国的应用前景 |
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| 引用本文： | 袁学诚,李善芳.无机生油假说及其在中国的应用前景[J].中国地质,2012,39(4):843-854. |
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| 作者姓名： | 袁学诚 李善芳 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京,100037 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国地质调查局“中国地质构造区划综合研究与区域地质调查综合集成”项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 无机生油假说认为,原油和天然气和近地表的生物物质没有根本联系,它们是生成于地幔内的非生物来源的碳氢化合物。因而油气不是一个不可再生资源,而是一个可再生资源。无机生油假说得到地质学、物理学和化学等三个基本学科的支持。在地质观察上,发现全球许多大油田的油气储藏与原始生物物质之间数量上有巨大落差,难于解释它们是由生物生成的。此外,有许多地区在结晶基底或变质基底内,或直接位于其上的沉积岩中发现石油。从生物生油假说来说,也是无法理解的。在化学上,早在二战期间,德国已由人工合成石油(费托合成),并生产了占德国战争中用油的9%的石油。无可争辩地说明,无机可以生成石油。根据化学(物理学)热力学理论分析确认,甲烷是唯一一种在标准温压条件(温度为298.15 K;压力为101325 Pa)下稳定的碳氢化合物,从甲烷形成正常烷属烃只有在压力>3×106kPa、温度>700°C时(相当于地下深度约100 km)才有可能。在地壳内的温压条件下由生物变质形成石油的假说,与化学热力学的基本原则相抵触。从氧化的有机分子,如碳水化合物(C6H12O6)形成较高的碳氢化合物在任何条件下都是不可能的。根据我国长期对深部构造的研究,笔者认为在中国东部及西太平洋蘑菇云岩石圈地幔发育的地区是寻找巨型无机油气田的有利地区,建议在发育蘑菇云岩石圈地幔地区开展无机油气田的勘探,并在无机油气田远景地区布置超深参数钻,以评价含油气远景。另外建议加强物探工作,尤其是研究地震勘探处理基底内三维含油气构造的技术。
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| 关 键 词： | 无机生油假说 费托合成 蛇纹岩过程 化学热力学 蘑菇云岩石圈地幔 |
The abiogenetic petroleum origin hypothesis and its application in China |
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| YUAN Xue-cheng,LI Shan-fang.The abiogenetic petroleum origin hypothesis and its application in China[J].Chinese Geology,2012,39(4):843-854. |
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| Authors: | YUAN Xue-cheng LI Shan-fang |
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| Institution: | (Development Research Center of China Geological Survey,Beijing 100037,China) |
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| Abstract: | The abiogenetic petroleum origin hypothesis argues that the crude oil and natural petroleum gas have no intrinsic connection with biological matter originating near the surface of the Earth.They are primordial materials which have been erupted from great depths.Therefore,they are renewable resources instead of non-renewable resources.The abiogenetic hypothesis has been supported by geological,physical and chemical evidence.Geologists found that no source rocks could form enormous volumes of hydrocarbons in many huge oil fields,and that therefore the most plausible explanation is abiotic deep petroleum.Besides,oil and gas have been found in basal rocks or in sediments directly above basal rocks,which could hardly be explained by biogenetic hypothesis.In chemical aspect,the Fischer–Tropsch process(or Fischer–Tropsch synthesis) has converted a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons.By thermodynamical analysis,the most significant conclusion is that methane is the only hydrocarbon that is stable at STP.The formation of normal alkanes from methane is thermodynamically possible only at pressures >30 kbar and temperatures >700°C which correspond to a depth of ~100 km below the Earth’s surface(equivalent to the depth of the upper mantle).As a result,higher hydrocarbons such as those found in natural petroleum at the Earth’s surface are metastable.By contrast,the formation of higher hydrocarbons from oxidized organic molecules is not thermodynamically possible under any conditions.Based on deep structure study,the authors hold that East China and West Pacific area,where mashroom cloud mantle is developed,are favorable for finding abiogenetic oil fields.The authors suggest drilling deep boreholes to evaluate oil potential and strengthening geophysical exploration,especially for basal structure. |
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| Keywords: | abiogenetic petroleum origin hypothesis Fischer–Tropsch synthesis serpentinite process chemical thermodynamics mushroom cloud mantle |
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