| 关于基岩山坡上的暴雨流冲刷坑被误认为驮兽蹄窝的讨论 |
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| 引用本文： | 嵇少丞.关于基岩山坡上的暴雨流冲刷坑被误认为驮兽蹄窝的讨论[J].大地构造与成矿学,2017,41(6):1039-1052. |
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| 作者姓名： | 嵇少丞 |
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| 作者单位： | 加拿大蒙特利尔综合工学院民用、地质与采矿工程系,蒙特利尔 H3C 3A7,加拿大 |
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| 基金项目： | 加拿大自然科学与工程基金会(NSERC)提供研究资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 山脉的隆升与夷平无不与地表岩石的风化剥蚀密切相关,暴雨冲刷作用对山区岩石的风化剥蚀至关重要。雨水顺着倾斜的山坡迅速汇聚,形成湍急洪流,冲携山坡上的砂砾与小石块,对石坡上原先小幅度的洼凹之地或薄弱部位进行机械性磨蚀与化学溶蚀,上述地质过程不断重复,逐渐形成山坡壶穴。美国加州华斯克巨岩公园、澳大利亚中部大红山以及中国北京西山的山坡壶穴都是暴雨流壶穴的典型例子。可惜过去一段时间里北京西山地区的山坡壶穴被误认为是"京西古道上骡马驴踩出来的蹄坑",这样解释的前提条件是在数百年间、数以万计的骡马驴不断地踩进同一处、且不断加深的石头蹄坑。动物行为学研究表明,马之类的动物在行走过程中会本能地躲避踩进较深(≥5~10 cm)的洼坑或水坑,以防扭伤蹄腕或折断腿骨。世界上著名的铺石古道上只见车辙痕不见马蹄坑,亦是有力的证明。
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| 关 键 词： | 山坡壶穴 暴雨流冲刷 北京西山 蹄窝 |
Rainstorm-induced Erosion as a Mechanism for the Formation of Hillside Potholes |
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| JI Shaocheng.Rainstorm-induced Erosion as a Mechanism for the Formation of Hillside Potholes[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2017,41(6):1039-1052. |
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| Authors: | JI Shaocheng |
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| Abstract: | Rainstorm after rainstorm over hundreds or thousands of years has sent water plummeting down the resistant rock, wearing it away to form grooves, chains of potholes and plunge pools. The potholes, which vary in shape and size, are drilled into the bed rock on the slopes of stony mountain where rapidly flowing water has enough potential energy to carry pebbles, granules and sands to erode deflation hollows through abrasion, corrosion and dissolution. Typical examples of hillside potholes formed and enlarged during the occasional heavy rains are demonstrated in the Vasquez Rocks Natural Area Park (the northern Los Angeles County, California, USA) and the Ayers Rock (Uluru, Australia). Unfortunately, rainstorm-originated potholes in the region of the Western Hills (Beijing, China) were erroneously interpreted by Dechen Su (2016) as hoof holes formed during the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368?1912 AD). His interpretation inevitably involves a speculation that thousands of horses had stepped into the same but progressively deepening holes during several hundred years. However, the fact that, by nature, horses instinctively avoid stepping in deep (≥5?10 cm) or muddy-water-filled potholes as to prevent any possible injury to their ankles, makes Denchen Su's hypothesis impossible. Furthermore, the absence of hoof holes on the historical traffic routes with cart-ruts (e.g., China, France, Italy, Malta, and Switzerland) consistently indicates that his hypothesis, no matter how highly original it may be, is baseless. The finding presented here has enormous implications for improving the understanding of the rates of bedrock erosion and pothole formation in mountainous regions. |
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| Keywords: | hillside pothole rainstorm Western Hills in Beijing hoof hole |
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