| 浅论中国北方主要产铀盆地含矿目标层沉积相对砂岩型铀矿的制约 |
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| 引用本文： | 韩效忠,吴兆剑,林中湘,蒋喆,胡航,殷栋法,季辉,李紫楠.浅论中国北方主要产铀盆地含矿目标层沉积相对砂岩型铀矿的制约[J].大地构造与成矿学,2020(4):697-709. |
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| 作者姓名： | 韩效忠 吴兆剑 林中湘 蒋喆 胡航 殷栋法 季辉 李紫楠 |
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| 作者单位： | 中煤地质集团有限公司;中国地质大学（北京）地球科学与资源学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0604204);中国煤炭地质总局科研项目(ZMKJ-2018-18);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20160127-03)联合资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 北方砂岩型铀矿已成为我国铀资源扩大的重点类型,在现有铀矿山开采中占绝对主力地位。本文在分析中国伊犁盆地南缘、鄂尔多斯盆地东北部、二连盆地中部和松辽盆地南缘等重要产铀盆地主要含矿目标层沉积相的基础上,探讨了沉积相对砂岩型铀矿床的控制作用。获得主要认识有:①伊犁盆地南缘水西沟群Ⅰ~Ⅳ旋回为冲积扇沉积体系、Ⅴ旋回为辫状河三角洲沉积体系、Ⅵ旋回为浅湖沼泽沉积体系、Ⅶ旋回为曲流河三角洲沉积体系,其中有利成矿的沉积体系为辫状河三角洲、曲流河三角洲和冲积扇体系,有利成矿的部位为三角洲前缘河口坝及席状砂亚(微)相、三角洲平原辫状河流亚相、三角洲平原分流河道亚(微)相以及冲积扇沉积体系的扇中?扇端亚相;②鄂尔多斯盆地东北部有利成矿的沉积体系为直罗组辫状河三角洲沉积体系,有利成矿部位为砾质辫状河、砂质辫状河、三角洲平原和三角洲前缘亚相的相变部位,如纳岭沟铀矿床位于砾质辫状河向砂质辫状河过渡的区段,罕台庙铀矿床则位于辫状河三角洲平原亚相向前缘亚相转换带附近;③二连盆地中部赛汉组沉积相可划分为冲积扇相、河流相、三角洲相、湖泊相4大类,与铀成矿关系最密切的沉积相为辫状河河道(古河道),其次为冲积扇相,如果在该区发现了古河道就基本意味着发现了铀矿化带,这是与我国北方其他产铀盆地最大的不同之处;④松辽盆地南缘姚家组下段沉积相主要为辫状河和冲积扇,在东部局部发育浅水三角洲相,其中成矿与辫状河相关系最密切,辫状河控矿与鄂尔多斯盆地东北部较为相似,矿体虽然受辫状河道控制,但河道中部砂体最厚的部位不是成矿的有利场所,而主河道边部和下游河道分叉的主迎水面是最佳成矿部位。这些认识为铀矿找矿战略选区和相关铀矿床对比研究提供了基础素材和部分参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 砂岩型铀矿 沉积相 伊犁盆地南缘 鄂尔多斯盆地东北部 二连盆地中部 |
Constraints of Sedimentary Facies of the Targeting Layers on Sandstone-type Uranium Mineralization in Major Uranium-producing Basins in Northern China:A Brief Disscussion |
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| HAN Xiaozhong,WU Zhaojian,LIN Zhongxiang,JIANG Zhe,HU Hang,YIN Dongfa,JI Hui,LI Zinan.Constraints of Sedimentary Facies of the Targeting Layers on Sandstone-type Uranium Mineralization in Major Uranium-producing Basins in Northern China:A Brief Disscussion[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2020(4):697-709. |
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| Authors: | HAN Xiaozhong WU Zhaojian LIN Zhongxiang JIANG Zhe HU Hang YIN Dongfa JI Hui LI Zinan |
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| Institution: | (China Coal Geology Group CO.,Ltd,Beijing 100040,China;School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China) |
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| Abstract: | Sandstone-type uranium deposits in Northern China have become the main type of uranium resources,and the increasingly importance has drawn the attention of many researchers.Analyses of the sedimentary facies of main ore-bearing targets in the southern margin of the Yili Basin,northeastern Ordos Basin,central Erlian Basin and southern margin of the Songliao Basin revealed the important controls of sedimentary facies on sandstone-type uranium deposits.The first four sedimentary cycles of the Shuixigou Group in the southern margin of the Yili Basin belong to alluvial fan sedimentary system,whereas the following three sedimentary cycles belong to braided delta,shallow lake marsh,and meandering river delta sedimentary systems,respectively.Among them,the braided and meandering river delta systems and alluvial fan system are the favorable uranium metallogenic sedimentary systems.The distributary mouth bar and sheet sand subfacies of the delta front facies,the braided stream subfacies,the mid-fan and distal fan subfacies of the alluvial fan facies and the distributary channel subfacies of the delta plain facies are the favorable uranium metallogenic sites for sandstone-type uranium deposits.The favorable uranium metallogenic sedimentary system in the northeastern Ordos Basin is the braided delta sedimentary system of the Zhiluo Formation.The favorable uranium metallogenic sites are the gravelly braided river,sandy braided river,delta plain and delta front facies are the favorable metallogenic locations.For example,the Nalinggou uranium deposit is located in the transition zone from gravelly braided river to sandy braided river,and the Hantaimiao uranium deposit is located near the braided stream delta plain-front zone.The sedimentary facies of the Saihan Formation in the central Erlian Basin include alluvial fan facies,fluvial facies,delta facies and lacustrine facies.The braided channel facies(paleo channel facies)and alluvial fan facies are closely related to uranium mineralization.Uranium mineralization zone in this area is closely related to paleo channel,which is distinct from the other uranium-producing basins in North China.The Lower Yaojia Formation in the southern margin of the Songliao Basin mainly consists of braided river and alluvial fan.Shallow water delta facies is locally developed in the eastern part of the Songliao Basin,the braided river is closely related to mineralization.The ore-controlling characteristics of braided river are similar to the ore-controlling characteristics in northeastern Ordos Basin.The ore bodies are mainly controlled by braided channel,but the main upstream facies at the edge of the main channel and the bifurcation of the lower channel is the site favorable for mineralization,instead of the thickest part of the sand-body in the middle of the river.These findings shed light on the selection of uranium strategic areas and comparative study of uranium deposits. |
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| Keywords: | sandstone-type uranium deposit sedimentary facies southern margin of the Yili Basin northeastern Ordos Basin central Erlian Basin |
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