Survival of F-RNA coliphages and three bacterial indicators during wastewater chlorination and transport in estuarine waters |
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| Authors: | R Armon V J Cabelli R Duncanson |
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| Institution: | 1.Division of Environmental, Water and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Technion-Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel;2.Department of Microbiology,University of Rhode Island,Kingston |
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| Abstract: | Three bacterial water quality indicators,Clostridium perfringens, enterococci, and fecal coliforms, were compared to F-RNA coliphages for their survival during chlorination at several municipal
wastewater treatment plants in Rhode Island and seasonally during transport in a section of the Narragansett Bay estuary.
F-RNA coliphages were used as the best available indicator for the survival of Noroviruses (formerly Norwalk-like virus),
the most frequently identified agent for the most prevalent waterborne disease (an acute but benign gastroenteritis), which
has yet to be propagated in tissue culture and for which there is no lower animal model. Inactivation of the enterococci and
fecal coliforms during wastewater chlorination was much greater than that of the F-RNA coliphages whose inactivation was essentially
the same as that of C.perfringens. Survival of the F-RNA coliphages andC. perfringens during winter transport down Narragansett Bay were comparable to each other and greater than that for the enterococci or
fecal coliforms. During the summer,C. perfringens survived longer than the other three indicators, possibly because the virus-like (F-RNA coliphages) and the two vegetative
bacterial indicators were more susceptible than theC. perfringens spores to the lethal effects of sunlight and elevated water temperatures during the summer. Based on these findings, F-RNA
coliphages seems to be a reliable indicator of viral contamination and die-off in estuarine waters. |
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