Nickel isotope fractionation during laterite Ni ore smelting and refining: Implications for tracing the sources of Ni in smelter-affected soils |
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| Institution: | 1. UMR 8148 GEOPS, Univ. Paris Sud – CNRS-Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Cedex, France;2. UnB, IG/GMP-ICC Centro, Campus Universitario Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-970, Brasilia-DF, Brazil/Laboratoire Mixte International, LMI OCE « Observatoire des Changements Environnementaux », Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, Brazil;3. Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic;4. Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ. Paris Diderot, UMR 7154 CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France;5. IFREMER, Centre de Brest, Unité Géosciences Marines, 29280, Plouzané, France;1. Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada;2. Lorax Environmental Services Ltd., 2289 Burrard St, Vancouver V6J 3H9, Canada;3. Pacific Centre for Isotopic and Geochemical Research, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada;1. Division of Geochemistry and Laboratories, Czech Geological Survey, Geologicka 6, 152 00 Prague 5, Czechia;2. Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czechia;3. Department of Solid State Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czechia;4. Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;1. Bristol Isotope Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK;2. Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, NW D81.4, Clausiusstrasse 25, Zürich 8092, Switzerland;1. Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague - Suchdol, Czech Republic;2. Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague - Suchdol, Czech Republic;3. NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway;4. Department Urban Environment and Industry, NILU–Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway;5. Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway |
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| Abstract: | Nickel isotope ratios were measured in ores, fly ash, slags and FeNi samples from two metallurgical plants located in the Goiás State, Brazil (Barro Alto, Niquelândia). This allowed investigating the mass-dependent fractionation of Ni isotopes during the Ni-laterite ore smelting and refining. Feeding material exhibits a large range of δ60Ni values (from 0.02 ± 0.10‰ to 0.20 ± 0.05‰, n = 7), explained by the diversity of Ni-bearing phases, and the average of δ60Nifeeding materials was found equal to 0.08 ± 0.08‰ (2SD, n = 7). Both δ60Ni values of fly ash (δ60Ni = 0.07 ± 0.07‰, n = 10) and final FeNi produced (0.05 ± 0.02‰, n = 2) were not significantly different from the feeding materials ones. These values are consistent with the very high production yield of the factories. However, smelting slags present the heaviest δ60Ni values of all the smelter samples, with δ60Ni ranging from 0.11 ± 0.05‰ to 0.27 ± 0.05‰ (n = 8). Soils were also collected near and far from the Niquelândia metallurgical plant, to evaluate the potential of Ni isotopes for tracing the natural vs anthropogenic Ni in soils. The Ni isotopic composition of the non-impacted topsoils developed on ultramafic rocks ranges from ?0.26 ± 0.09‰ to ?0.04 ± 0.05‰ (n = 20). On the contrary, the Ni isotopic composition of the non-ultramafic topsoils, collected close to the plant, exhibit a large variation of δ60Ni, ranging from ?0.19 ± 0.13‰ up to 0.10 ± 0.05‰ (n = 4). This slight but significant enrichment in heavy isotopes highlights the potential impact of smelting activity in the surrounding area, as well as the potential of Ni isotopes for discerning anthropogenic samples (heavier δ60Ni values) from natural ones (lighter δ60Ni values). However, given the global range of published δ60Ni values (from ?1.03 to 2.5‰) and more particularly those associated to natural weathering of ultramafic rocks (from ?0.61 to 0.32‰), the use of Ni isotopes for tracing environmental contamination from smelters will remain challenging. |
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| Keywords: | Nickel Isotope Smelting Refining Source Soil |
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