Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity |
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| Institution: | 1. Geological Survey of Norway, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway;2. Kola Geological Information Laboratory Centre, Fersman St 26, 184200, Apatity, Russia;3. Central Kola Expedition, Fersman St 26, 184200, Apatity, Russia;4. Geological Survey of Finland, PO Box 77, FIN-96101, Rovaniemi, Finland;1. Dept. of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy;2. Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials—National Research Council of Italy, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Mostra d’Oltremare—PAD. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy;3. Department of Sciences, INSTM, CNISM and CISDiC, University Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy;1. Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Statistik, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44221 Dortmund, Germany;2. Ernst Moritz Arndt Universität Greifswald, Institut für Mathematik und Informatik, Walther-Rathenau-Straße 47, 17487 Greifswald, Germany;1. ERDC-CRREL, USA;2. Dartmouth College, USA;3. Clark University, USA;4. University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, USA;5. 424 Russfield Dr Knoxville, TN 37922, USA;6. University of Wellington, New Zealand;7. University of Washington, USA;1. Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, CUNY, 17 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA;2. The Graduate School and University Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA;3. RIKEN BNL, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA;4. Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA;5. Physics Department, China Central Normal University, Wuhan, China;6. Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA |
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| Abstract: | Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). |
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