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侵蚀型天坑演化研究
引用本文:翟秀敏,张远海,李发源,史文强,韦昊星.侵蚀型天坑演化研究[J].中国岩溶,2021,40(6):952-964.
作者姓名:翟秀敏  张远海  李发源  史文强  韦昊星
作者单位:中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室广西 桂林541004
基金项目:中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所所长基金2014005, 2014034, 2016011中国地质调查项目“西南岩溶区碳酸盐岩地质遗迹调查与评价”DD20190672
摘    要:中国天坑研究学者通过系统调查,确立“tiankeng”作为标准地貌术语,并规范其形态特征,提出塌陷型天坑和侵蚀型天坑两种成因类型。文章以重庆武隆箐口天坑、陕西汉中伯牛天坑、马达加斯加安卡拉那高原的曼格里(Mangily)天坑、巴布亚新几内亚穆勒高原的阿底(Atea)天坑为研究对象,通过对比分析4个天坑(群)发育的地层结构、地貌演化和水文地质特征等,论述侵蚀型天坑系统演化的共性特征,即三元或二元地层结构、深厚包气带和巨大地势差异、覆盖型岩溶分布、覆盖层对雨水的汇聚或夹层对地下水的汇聚等。基于侵蚀型天坑的成因条件,认为其发育阶段可分为:落水洞-竖井(地下河)阶段、侵蚀-竖井状大厅阶段、崩塌-天坑形成阶段和天坑退化阶段,并对侵蚀型天坑演化机理提出新的认识。

关 键 词:侵蚀型天坑    天坑成因    演化阶段    窗式岩溶    崩塌
收稿时间:2021-04-30

Evolutional process of erosional tiankengs
Institution:Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics,MNR&GZARGuilinGuangxi541004,China
Abstract:In this paper, the common features of the erosional tiankeng are discussed by comparing the stratigraphic structure, geomorphic evolution and hydrogeological characteristics of four tiankengs in the world, i.e., Qingkou Tiankeng in Wulong karst of Chongqing and Boniu Tiankeng in Xiaonanhai Plateau of Hanzhong, China, Mangily Tiankeng in Ankarana Plateau, Madagascar, and Atea Tiankeng in Muller Plateau, Papua New Guinea. The current study indicates that the erosional tiankeng is commonly characterized by ternary (sandwich) or binary stratigraphic structure, covered-karst distribution, deep vadose zone and great topographic differences, as well as catchment of rainwater by the overlying layer. Based on these genesis conditions, when the surface water converges and flows into the soluble rock aquifer to form underground karst cave, its evolutionary stages can be divided into (1) sinkhole-shaft (underground river) stage, (2) erosion-shaft-chamber stage, (3) collapse-forming tiankeng stage, and(4)tiankeng degradation stage. The genesis analysis of erosional tiankeng provides a new insight into its evolutionary mechanism. 
Keywords:
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