| 疏干排水矿区闭坑后岩溶塌陷形成机理探索——以湘中地区恩口煤矿为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘新建,郭杰华,陈英姿.疏干排水矿区闭坑后岩溶塌陷形成机理探索——以湘中地区恩口煤矿为例[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(6):842-850. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘新建 郭杰华 陈英姿 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖南省地质矿产勘查开发局四一八队 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国地质调查项目（DD20160254） |
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| 摘 要： | 恩口煤矿已关停20年，地下水位已恢复，但地面塌陷灾害时有发生，为了探讨恩口煤矿闭坑后的岩溶塌陷成因机理，总结水位恢复中与恢复后的致塌模型，文章梳理了恩口煤矿区岩溶塌陷的时空分布、土体结构等基本特征，着重于分析煤矿闭矿后岩溶塌陷的发生与地下水位恢复过程的相关性，提出水位恢复中与恢复后2个阶段发生岩溶塌陷的成因机理与致塌模式。第1阶段，主要致塌模式为浮托—软化型，理论模型来源于基坑突涌的产生条件公式，发育地段主要集中在以往塌陷密集分布区，与采矿降水过程中加速土洞的形成相关，塌陷发生的数量明显低于疏干排水过程；第2阶段，致塌模式为潜蚀—失稳型，是指由地下水位在岩土界面自然波动引发的岩溶塌陷，仅零星发生。文章为娄底市进行地质灾害易发性、危险性评价与防治规划，提出科学、经济、可行的防治措施与建议，同时，为湘中类似地区的岩溶塌陷预测与防治区划提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 闭坑矿山 水位恢复 浮托—软化致塌模式 基坑突涌条件公式 易发性与危险性评价 防治区划 |
Formation mechanism of karst collapse after mine closure:A case study of Enkou coal mine in central Hu’nan Province |
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| LIU Xinjian,GUO Jiehua and CHEN Yingzi.Formation mechanism of karst collapse after mine closure:A case study of Enkou coal mine in central Hu’nan Province[J].Carsologica Sinica,2017,36(6):842-850. |
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| Authors: | LIU Xinjian GUO Jiehua and CHEN Yingzi |
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| Institution: | Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Hunan Province,418 Geological Brigade |
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| Abstract: | Groundwater level has raised and the ground collapse often occurred in Enkou coal mine since the mine ceased operation 20 years ago. In order to understand the formation mechanism of the karst collapse and to conceptualize the collapse models due to the recovery of water level, in this paper, spatial and temporal distribution of the karst collapses and associated soil structure in the mine area were discussed, with focus on the analysis of the relationship between the occurrence of karst collapses and the groundwater level recovery, from which it is realized that the formation and the modes of the karst collapses have experienced two phases, i.e. during and after the mine water level rebounce. In phase 1, the main karst collapse mode is a water floating-soil softening process, in which the ground collapses occurred obviously less than that in the mine drainage process; the occurrence of the collapses was highly related to the karstic earth caves formed by the process of underground mining and drainage. In phase 2, the ground collapse were dominated by suffosion-buckling process, which was caused by the natural fluctuation of the groundwater level between rock and soil, with the hazards occurred sporadically. The study of Enkou coal mine karst collapses, can bring values to scientific, economical and viable suggestions in relation to the prevention and treatment of the geological hazards in Loudi City. Meanwhile, it provides a reference for karst collapse prediction and remediation in similar areas in central Hu’nan Province. |
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