| 岩溶山区崩滑灾害变形破坏地质模式分类 |
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| 引用本文： | 郭静芸,李守定,李滨,李晓,毕鑫涛,方然可.岩溶山区崩滑灾害变形破坏地质模式分类[J].中国岩溶,2020,39(4):478-491. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郭静芸 李守定 李滨 李晓 毕鑫涛 方然可 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所/中国科学院地球科学研究院/中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发专项（2018YFC1504803），第二次青藏高原科考项目（2019QZKK0905），中国科学院重点部署项目（KFZD-SW-422, ZDBS-LY-DQC003, XDA14040401,YJKYYQ20190043），BHJ16J030、BHJ16J032项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 岩溶山区特殊的地质结构导致崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害时常发生，带来了严重的人员伤亡和经济社会损失。研究岩溶山区崩滑灾害特征，建立相应的变形破坏地质模式，对于岩溶山区崩滑灾害风险防控与治理工程具有重要理论意义与指导价值。文章以典型地质灾害形成演化过程为例，在系统地分析研究区典型崩滑灾害地质背景、影响因素、动力学与运动学特征的基础上，提出了岩溶山区崩滑灾害变形破坏地质模式，得出以下主要结论:（1）影响崩滑成灾基本因素（崩滑灾害体势能、岩溶结构面、岩组结构、斜坡地貌和斜坡结构）、影响因素（水文地质条件、工程活动、地震、降雨）和变形运动特征（运动形式和变形机制）三个方面，据此建立了岩溶山区崩滑灾害地质分类指标体系。（2）结合研究区特征对模型体系里面的每个要素进行系统分析，崩滑灾害的发生是各个要素相互组合、相互作用的结果。（3）总结了研究区内5种典型崩滑地质模式:高势能反倾降雨型高速远程滑坡—碎屑流模型、高势能斜倾视向采矿型高速远程崩滑灾害模型、超高势能横向陡倾地震型高速远程滑坡、高势能采矿型高速崩塌—碎屑流模型、低势能差异风化崩塌模型。为后续开展物理模拟、数值模拟、稳定性计算和变形破坏预测等工作奠定基础。下一步将更加深入全面地建立研究区的崩滑灾害模式，并进行崩滑灾害的危险性分级工作。
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| 关 键 词： | 岩溶山区 崩滑灾害 地质模式 变形破坏 |
Geological models classification of deformation and failures for collapses and landslides in karst mountainous areas |
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| GUO Jingyun,LI Shouding,LI Bin,LI Xiao,BI Xingtao,FANG Ranke.Geological models classification of deformation and failures for collapses and landslides in karst mountainous areas[J].Carsologica Sinica,2020,39(4):478-491. |
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| Authors: | GUO Jingyun LI Shouding LI Bin LI Xiao BI Xingtao FANG Ranke |
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| Abstract: | The special engineering hydrology structure in karst mountainous areas results in extremely developed geological disasters such as collapses， landslides and debris flow， which bring about serious casualties and economic and social losses. It is of great theoretical and application values for risk prevention and management in such areas to study characteristics of these hazards and establish corresponding geological models. This article systematically analyzes the geological background， influencing factors and dynamics and kinematics characteristics of collapses and landslides in the study area， and establishes geological models of deformation and failures taking the formation and evolution of typical collapses and landslides as examples. Results show that， （1） the factors that affect and reflect the characteristics of collapses and landslides can be divided into basic factors including gravity potential energy， rock group structure， karst structural planes， slope topography， slope stucture； and influencing factors such as hydrogeological conditions， engineering activities， earthquakes， rainfall and deformation movement characteristics （movement forms and deformation mechanisms）. Based on these， a comprehensive index system of collapses and landslides is established. （2） Systematic analyis on each element in the model system suggests that the occurrence of collapse and landslide hazards is the result of the combination and interaction of various elements. （3） Combined with typical cases of collapse and landslide hazards in the study area， five typical geological models are established. They are the high potential energy-anti-dipping-rainfall induced high-speed long-distance landslide-debris flow model， high potential energy-oblique tilting direction-mining induced high-speed long-distance landslide model， ultra-high potential energy-lateral steep seismic induced high-speed long-range landslide model， high potential energy mining induced high-speed collapse-debris flow model， and the low potential energy-differential weathering collapse model. These geological models lay the foundation for subsequent physical simulation， numerical modeling， stability calculation and deformation and failure prediction. The next step is to build more comprehensive models of collapse and landslide hazards in the study area and carry out the risk classification of these hazards. |
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