| 昆明市岩溶塌陷发育特征和防治措施 |
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| 引用本文： | 邓启江,李星宇,吕琼,李坚峰.昆明市岩溶塌陷发育特征和防治措施[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(1):23-29. |
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| 作者姓名： | 邓启江 李星宇 吕琼 李坚峰 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国地质大学,北京,北京,100083;云南地质工程勘察设计研究院,昆明,650041
2. 云南地质工程勘察设计研究院,昆明,650041 |
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| 摘 要： | 昆明市是岩溶塌陷危害较重的城市之一。岩溶塌陷主要集中分布在翠湖—圆通山、金马寺等8个地段,已形成塌陷坑405个,发生时间主要在6-9月,该时段形成的塌陷占全年发生数的73%。岩溶塌陷多发育于地下岩溶发育、松散盖层厚度小于15m、地下水位埋深小于20m的地段。碳酸盐岩岩溶发育、松散盖层厚度较小和水动力条件（降水、地表水和地下水）是昆明市岩溶塌陷产生的必要条件,其中地下水的作用对岩溶塌陷的形成至关重要。昆明市岩溶塌陷机理主要有地下水位升降致塌、地表水下渗致塌和动荷载致塌3种类型。防治方法主要包括避让、合理开采地下水的预防措施和防渗封闭、结构物跨越及地下加固处理的工程措施。
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| 关 键 词： | 岩溶塌陷 发育特征 塌陷机理 防治措施 昆明 |
Development characters and prevention measures of the karst collapse in Kunming |
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| DENG Qi-jiang,LI Xing-yu,LU Qiong,Li Jian-feng.Development characters and prevention measures of the karst collapse in Kunming[J].Carsologica Sinica,2009,28(1):23-29. |
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| Authors: | DENG Qi-jiang LI Xing-yu LU Qiong Li Jian-feng |
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| Institution: | DENG Qi-jiang,LI Xing-yu ,LU Qiong,Li Jian-feng (l. China University of Geosciences(Beijing) ,Beijing 100083 ,China; 2. Yunnan Geological Engineering Prospecting Institute, Kunming , Yunnan 650041, China) |
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| Abstract: | Kunming is one of the cities have been severely damaged by karst collapse. The karst collapse concentrated in eight sites such as Cuihu--Yuantongshan, Jinmasi etc. , there are 405 karst collapses. The karst collapse mainly takes place from June to September, accounting for 73% of all the annual collapses. Most collapses take place where the underground karst developed, the thickness of the loose cover is thinner than 15 meters and the groundwater table is buried deeper than 20 meters. The karst development, thin cover and the hydrodynamic conditions （precipitation, surface water and groundwater） are necessary conditions which cause the collapse in Kunming. The groundwater effect is the most important among these conditions. The mechanisms of the collapse in Kunming involve three types as follows： phreatic fluctuation, surface water seepage and moving load. The major measures to prevent and control the collapse include avoiding around the collapse, reasonable exploiting of groundwater, preventing surface water seepage and making architectures cross-over the collapse as well as underground consolidating engineer. |
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| Keywords: | karst collapse development character mechanism of the collapse prevention measures Kun-ming |
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