Lippmann Diagrams: Theory and Application to Carbonate Systems |
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| Authors: | Heinz Gamsjäger Erich Königsberger Wolfgang Preis |
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| Institution: | (1) Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria |
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| Abstract: | Since 1980 when F. Lippmann's seminal paper appeared, ourunderstanding of solubility equilibria involving ionic solidsolutions has been advanced by theoretical considerations as wellas careful experimental studies designed to determine excess Gibbsfunctions. A unified theory of solid-solution aqueous-solutionequilibria as well as the thermodynamic background of thephenomenon of ``stoichiometric saturation' are reviewed.It is shown that Lippmann diagrams effectively summarize thethermodynamic basis of solid-solute aqueous-solution equilibria ofsparingly soluble metal carbonate systems. Clearly, the predictivepower of these diagrams may be limited due to kineticrestrictions. Only when dissolution and precipitation areessentially reversible, favourable conditions to synthesizehomogeneous solid phases can be derived from studies of equilibria. |
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| Keywords: | Lippmann diagrams phase equilibria solubility stoichiometric saturation metal carbonates |
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