| 祁连山滑坡灾害初步研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴玮江,张彦林,杨 涛,王国亚,冯乐涛,刘佳海.祁连山滑坡灾害初步研究[J].甘肃地质学报,2021(4):16-29. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴玮江 张彦林 杨 涛 王国亚 冯乐涛 刘佳海 |
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| 作者单位： | 甘肃省科学院地质自然灾害防治研究所，甘肃 兰州 730000;甘肃省地质调查院，甘肃 兰州 730000;甘肃省有色金属地质勘查局张掖矿产勘查院，甘肃 张掖 734012 |
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| 基金项目： | 甘肃省科学院地质灾害防治与矿山地质环境修复创新团队（CX201801）研究成果。 |
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| 摘 要： | 祁连山地处青藏高原北部边缘的甘肃、青海两省交界处，是我国西北地区的重要生态屏障和水源涵养地。祁连山山高谷深、地质构造发育，新构造运动强烈，地震频繁且强度大，再加上高寒低温的恶劣气候条件，滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害较为发育，长期破坏森林、草地，也威胁道路、矿山等安全，对祁连山生态屏障和水源涵养地产生危害和不利影响，近年来有进一步发展趋势。本文根据遥感解译和调查的280余处滑坡，对祁连山甘肃境内滑坡灾害类型、发育分布特征、影响因素和成因进行了初步研究。祁连山滑坡类型主要为岩质滑坡和堆积层滑坡。岩质滑坡规模较大，发育多处巨型滑坡；堆积层滑坡规模较小，其稳定性较差，长期缓慢蠕动。特殊的地质环境孕育了一些形态特殊的碎屑流型滑坡、冻融泥流型滑坡和堰塞湖等典型地貌景观。祁连山滑坡发育分布主要受地形和地质构造控制，总体呈NW—SE向展布，空间分布不均匀且差异较大。滑坡发育主要与石炭系、白垩系、新近系等软岩和第四系堆积层有关。地震、地下水和季节性冻结滞水促滑效应是祁连山滑坡发育的重要动力因素。
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| 关 键 词： | 祁连山 滑坡灾害 碎屑流型滑坡 泥流型滑坡 季节性冻结滞水促滑效应 |
Preliminary Study on Landslide Hazards in Qilian Mountain |
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| WU Wei-jiang,ZHANG Yan-lin,YANG Tao,WANG Guo-y,FENG Le-tao,LIU Jia-hai.Preliminary Study on Landslide Hazards in Qilian Mountain[J].Acta Geologica Gansu,2021(4):16-29. |
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| Authors: | WU Wei-jiang ZHANG Yan-lin YANG Tao WANG Guo-y FENG Le-tao LIU Jia-hai |
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| Institution: | Geological Hazards Prevention Institute, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;Geologic Survey of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China; Zhangye Geo-Mine Survey Institute, Gansu Non-Ferrous Metal Geological Exploration Bureau, Zhangye 734012, China |
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| Abstract: | Qilian Mountain is located at the junction of Gansu and Qinghai provinces on the northern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is an important ecological barrier and water conservation area in Northwest China. Qilian Mountains are high and the valleys are deep, Geological structure is developed, intense neotectonic activity, frequent and strong earthquakes, coupled with the severe climatic conditions of high cold and low temperature, landslides and collapses and other geological hazards are relatively developed, which not only destroy forests and grasslands for a long time, but also threaten the safety of roads and mines, and seriously threaten and affect the functions of Qilian mountain ecological barrier and water conservation area, There is a further development trend in recent years. Based on more than 280 landslides interpreted and investigated by remote sensing, the types, development and distribution characteristics, influencing factors and causes of landslides in Qilian Mountain are studied preliminarily. The landslide types of Qilian Mountain mainly include rock landslide and accumulation landslide. The scale of rock landslide is large, and many giant landslides are developed; the scale of accumulation landslide is small, its stability is poor, and it creeps slowly for a long time. The special geological environment breeds some typical geomorphic landscapes such as debris flow, freeze-thaw mud flow landslide and barrier lake. The development and distribution of landslides in Qilian Mountain are mainly controlled by topography and geological structure. They are generally distributed in NW-SE direction, with uneven spatial distribution and great difference. The development of landslide is mainly related to soft rocks such as Carboniferous, Cretaceous and Neogene and quaternary accumulation layer. Earthquake, groundwater and seasonal frozen stagnant water are important dynamic factors for the development of Qilian mountain landslide. |
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