Sedimentary facies and diagenetic features of the Early Cretaceous Fahliyan Formation in the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt,Iran |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Geology, Khorasgan (Esfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Esfahan, Iran;2. Department of Geology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran;3. Department of Geology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;4. School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;5. Institute of Geology, Punjab University, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;6. Geology Department, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq;1. Department of Geology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;2. Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Geology, National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC), Iran;4. Petroleum Geology Research Group, Research Institute of Applied Sciences, ACECR, Iran;1. Department of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran;2. Iranian Offshore Oil Company, Tehran, Iran;1. National Iranian Oil Company–Exploration Directorate, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Geology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;3. Kamandab Consulting Engineers Company, Tehran, Iran;4. Université de Paris VI, Paris, France;5. Géosciences and Environnement, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Paris, France;6. Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran |
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| Abstract: | The Early Cretaceous Fahliyan Formation (middle part of the Khami Group), is one of the important reservoir rocks in the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt. The Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt is located on the boundary between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and formed from collision between Eurasia and advancing Arabia during the Cenozoic. In this study area, the Fahliyan Formation with a thickness of 325 m, consists of carbonate rocks (limestone and dolomite). This formation overlies the Late Jurassic Surmeh Formation unconformably and underlies the Early Cretaceous Gadvan Formation conformably at Gadvan Anticline. The formation was investigated by a detailed petrographic analysis to clarify the depositional facies, sedimentary environments and diagenetic features in the Gadvan Anticline. Petrographic studies led to recognition of the 12 microfacies that were deposited in four facies belts: tidal flat, lagoon, and shoal in inner ramp and shallow open marine in mid-ramp environments. The absence of turbidite deposits, reefal facies, and gradual facies changes show that the Fahliyan Formation was deposited on a carbonate ramp. Calcareous algae and benthic foraminifera are abundant in the shallow marine carbonates of the Fahliyan Formation. The diagenetic settings favored productioning a variety of features which include cements from early to late marine cements, micritization, dolomitization, compaction features, dissolution fabric, and pores. The diagenetic sequence can be roughly divided into three stages: (1) eugenic stage: marine diagenetic environment, (2) mesogenic stage: burial environment, and (3) telogenic stage: meteoric diagenetic environment. |
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| Keywords: | Microfacies Carbonate ramp Calcareous algae Benthic foraminifera Fahliyan Formation |
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