| 喜马拉雅山脉的地质地貌特征:来自SRTM数字高程模型和降水量数据的约束 |
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| 引用本文： | 王猛,刘焰,何延波,魏东.喜马拉雅山脉的地质地貌特征:来自SRTM数字高程模型和降水量数据的约束[J].地质科学,2008,43(3):603-622. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王猛 刘焰 何延波 魏东 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京, 100037;2. 国家气象中心, 北京, 100081;3. 湖北省地质矿产局宜昌地质勘探大队, 湖北宜昌, 443001 |
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| 基金项目： | 科技部科技支撑计划项目，国家自然科学基金，地质工程与矿产资源国家重点实验室课题 |
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| 摘 要： | 利用GTOPO30和SRTM3数字高程(DEM)数据,提取了喜马拉雅山脉(造山带)的数字高程模型并对其进行了地质地貌的初步分析。从SRTM3数字高程数据提取出坡度数据,初步分析了喜马拉雅山脉坡度和高程的特征。数字高程和坡度图清楚地展现了喜马拉雅大型断裂带(构造边界)的空间分布特征。分析了中国气象局下属的西藏、青海、四川和云南4省区气象观测台站55年来的年平均降水量观测数据、喜马拉雅山脉南坡的年平均降水量数据、喜马拉雅DEM和裂变径迹数据,发现喜马拉雅山脉从东至西,年平均降水量逐渐减少,地形起伏逐渐变小,而高程渐次升高,与此同时剥蚀速率降低;从北至南,年平均降水量逐渐增加,地形起伏增大,高程快速降低,而剥蚀速率则急剧升高。这充分说明了喜马拉雅年平均降水量大的地区,地表剥蚀作用相对较强,年平均降水量小的地区,地表剥蚀作用则较弱,即:在喜马拉雅地区,长周期的地表剥蚀过程(可长达数个百万年时间尺度)和短周期(仅仅50年)的降水量观测是耦合的。
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| 关 键 词： | 数字高程(DEM) 地质地貌 降水量 地表剥蚀 喜马拉雅山脉 |
| 收稿时间： | 2007-05-18 |
| 修稿时间： | 2007-05-18; |
Geomorphic characteristics of the Himalayan mountains and its tectonic implications: New insights from SRTM digital elevation model and precipitation data |
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| Wang Meng,Liu Yan,He Yanbo,Wei Dong.Geomorphic characteristics of the Himalayan mountains and its tectonic implications: New insights from SRTM digital elevation model and precipitation data[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2008,43(3):603-622. |
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| Authors: | Wang Meng Liu Yan He Yanbo Wei Dong |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 10037;2. National Meteorological Center of China, Beijing 100081;3. Yichang Geological Team, Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Hubei Province, Yichang, Hubei 443001 |
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| Abstract: | GTOPO30 and SRTM3 Digital Elevation Model(DEM)data were used to build up DEMs of the Himalayan mountains,and the morphotectonic issues,such as elevation and slope,were subsequently discussed.The figures of elevation and slope could contribute to the demonstration of the larger fault systems within the Himalayan orogen.Annual precipitation data of about 55 years from the meteorological stations within Tibetan plateau were analyzed.In combination with annual precipitation data of the south Himalaya from recent references,these precipitation data and DEMs illustrated that the precipitation decreased and the elevation increased with the decrease of relief across the Himalaya in the westward and northward orders.Fission track data of apatite from the Himalaya and south Tibet also showed that from east to west and from south to north,the denudation rates decreased,coupling with the precipitation data.What mentioned above suggested clearly that the regions with high annual precipitation underwent stronger erosion,indicative of the coupled of long-term landscape denudation with short-term precipitation observations within the Himalaya. |
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| Keywords: | Digital Elevation Model(DEM) Tectonic geomorphology Precipitation Landscape denudation The Himalayan orogen |
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