Timing and extent of Holocene glaciations in the monsoon dominated Dunagiri valley (Bangni glacier), Central Himalaya,India |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Geology, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal 246174, India;2. Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India;3. Institute of Seismological Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382009, India;1. Faculty of Geology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia;2. Diamond and Precious Metal Geology Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenina 39, Yakutsk 677980, Russia;1. Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India;2. Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263002, India;3. Department of Geology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India;4. Department of Geography & Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India;5. Department of Geology, Government Gandhi Memorial Science College, Jammu, 180006, India;6. Agromet Advisory Services Division, Indian Meteorological Department, New Delhi, 110003, India;7. Department of Geography, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India;1. School of Geography and Tourism, Jiaying University, Meizhou, Guangdong, 514015, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China;3. School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China;4. School of Geographical Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China;5. Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China;1. Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;2. School of Environment Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M0 1QD, UK;1. Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33 GMS Road, Dehradun, 248001, India;2. Ministry of Earth Sciences, Prithvi Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110003, India |
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| Abstract: | Field stratigraphy and optical and radiocarbon dating of lateral moraines in the monsoon dominated Dunagiri valley of the Central Himalaya provide evidence for three major glaciations during the last 12 ka. The oldest and most extensive glaciation, the Bangni Glacial Stage-I (BGS-I), is dated between 12 and 9 ka, followed by the BGS-II glaciation (7.5 and 4.5 ka) and the BGS-III glaciation (～1 ka). In addition, discrete moraine mounds proximal to the present day glacier snout are attributed to the Little Ice Age (LIA). BGS-I started around the Younger Dryas (YD) cooling event and persisted till the early Holocene when the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) strengthened. The less extensive BGS-II glaciation, which occurred during the early to mid-Holocene, is ascribed to lower temperature and decreased precipitation. Further reduction in ice volume during BGS-III is attributed to a late Holocene warm and moist climate. Although the glaciers respond to a combination of temperature and precipitation changes, in the Dunagiri valley decreased temperature seems to be the major driver of glaciations during the Holocene. |
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| Keywords: | Holocene glaciation Monsoon Optical chronology |
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