Multi-stage enrichment processes for large gold-bearing ore deposits |
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| Institution: | 1. ARC Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits (CODES), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia;2. BHP-Billiton, GPO Box 1777, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia;1. Faculty of Land and Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;2. Yunnan Geological Survey, Kunming 650051, China;3. Yunnan Gold and Minerals Group Co. Ltd, Kunming 650224, China;4. Yunnan Nonferrous Metals Geological Bureau, Kunming 650051, China;1. CSIRO, 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia;2. 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia;1. Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;2. Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Building 142, Mills Road, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia;3. Centre for Exploration Targeting, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;4. Centre for Exploration Targeting, School of Earth and Environment, ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia;5. Geological Survey of Victoria, GPO Box 4509 Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia |
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| Abstract: | A review of previous studies of the world's large hydrothermal gold deposits indicates that the largest deposits tend to show complicated parageneses where multiple gold enrichment events and processes have been involved in the deposit generation. These observations suggest that multistage processes may even be a requirement for the formation of large deposits. In some deposits (e.g. Witwatersrand, Boddington Cadia, Sukhoi Log or Carlin) the different enrichment processes occur millions of years apart. In others, such as many large porphyry deposits, the different stages are much closer in time. In many deposits, particularly sedimentary-hosted deposits, early diffuse enrichment occurs within a particular province that is then upgraded by more focused processes (e.g., Sukhoi Log; Kalgoorlie). The presence of this early diffuse enrichment could explain the tendency for gold deposits to cluster into camps.This model has important implications, as the presence or absence of multiple gold events could be used to discriminate, at the exploration and feasibility stages, between small deposits with single stage ore genesis and more complicated deposits with multistage enrichment and the potential for larger gold endowment. |
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