Geological and geochemical constraints on the Cheshmeh-Frezi volcanogenic stratiform manganese deposit,southwest Sabzevar basin,Iran |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Geology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;2. School of Geosciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran;3. Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté/CNRS, 25030 Besançon cedex, France;4. State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China;1. Earth Science Institute, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Embankment 9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;2. All-Russian Geological Research Institute (VSEGEI), 199106 Sredny pr. 74, St. Petersburg, Russia;1. Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China;2. National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China;1. MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China;2. Centre for Exploration Targeting, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia;1. MLR Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resource Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China;2. China Geological Survey, CGS, Beijing 100037, China;3. Centre for Exploration Targeting, ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;1. Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;2. State Key Lab of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;3. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;4. Institute of Resources and Environment, Hebei Geo University, Hebei 050031, China;1. Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430074, China;2. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mineral Exploration Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430074, China;3. Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | The Cheshmeh-Frezi Mn deposit belongs to the southwest Sabzevar basin to the north of the Central Iranian microcontinent. This basin, which hosts abundant mineral deposits including Mn exhalative and Besshi-type Cu-Zn volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, followed an evolution closely related to the subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic crust beneath the Central Iranian microcontinent. Two major sedimentary sequences are recorded within this basin: (I) the Lower Late Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary sequence (LLCVSS) and (II) the Upper Late Cretaceous sedimentary dominated sequence (ULCSS). The Cheshmeh-Frezi Mn deposit is hosted within red tuff with interbeds of green tuffaceous sandstone of the LLCVSS. Mineralization occurs as stratiform blanket-like and tabular orebodies. Psilomelane, pyrolusite and braunite are the main minerals of the ore, which display a variety of textures. Such as layered, laminated, disseminated, massive, replacement or open space fillings. The footwall and hanging-wall volcanic rocks are predominantly andesite and trachyandesite rocks. Footwall and hangingwall volcanic rocks at Cheshmeh-Frezi are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) compared to chondrite, have steep REE patterns, and generally show Ta and Nb depletions relative to chondrite which are characteristic of back-arc environments. The significant geochemical characteristics of ore such as high Mn content (12.41–33.14 wt%; average 19.41 wt%), low concentration of Fe (0.64–2.27 wt%; average 1.63 wt%), high Ba (49.7–9901 ppm, average 2728.67 ppm), LREE > HREE, and negative Ce and Eu anomalies reveal a primary distal hydrothermal-exhalative source for mineralization. Cheshmeh-Frezi deposit, in comparison with different types of volcanogenic manganese deposits shows broad similarities with the Cuban-type Mn deposits such as tectonic, host and associated rock types, geometry, textures, structures, mineralogy and lithogeochemistry. |
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| Keywords: | Manganese Cheshmeh-Frezi Volcano-sedimentary sequence Late Cretaceous Cuban-type Sabzevar zone |
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