| 青海羌塘盆地近期湖泊扩张特征及成因 |
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| 引用本文： | 段水强,曹广超,刘弢,吴庆,李燕.青海羌塘盆地近期湖泊扩张特征及成因[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(5):1237-1247. |
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| 作者姓名： | 段水强 曹广超 刘弢 吴庆 李燕 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 青海省水文水资源勘测局, 青海 西宁 810001;2. 青海师范大学, 青海 西宁 810008 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41261004)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 选取青海羌塘盆地1976-2010年5期遥感影像, 解译了该区域面积大于1 km2以上的67个湖泊面积.结果表明: 1976-1994年, 研究区大部分湖泊呈萎缩状态, 湖泊面积萎缩了446.8 km2, 萎缩幅度为12.5%;1994-2001年, 湖泊面积由3 132.6 km2增加到3 395.2 km2, 至2007年和2010年, 湖泊持续扩张, 面积分别达到3 641.7 km2和3 836.2 km2, 其中2010年的湖泊面积较1994年增加了22.5%, 甚至超过了1976年, 2007-2010年期间湖泊扩张强度最大.同时, 分析了研究区1959-2010年的气候水文变化, 结果显示年平均气温呈显著上升趋势, 年蒸发量在1959-1980年呈下降趋势, 以后趋于稳定, 年降水量、年径流量在1998-1999年间出现了突变上升.湖泊面积对气候、水文的响应关系表明, 近期的湖泊扩张主要由降水、径流偏丰引起, 与气温上升以及蒸发变化的关系并不显著, 气温上升导致冰川退缩所增加的水量对近期湖泊扩张影响较小. 与青海湖、黄河源等地相比, 青海羌塘盆地近期气候、水文、湖泊面积发生转折的时间要提前7 a左右.
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| 关 键 词： | 湖泊 水域面积 扩张 成因 |
| 收稿时间： | 2013-01-22 |
| 修稿时间： | 2013-05-29 |
The Recent Expansion Features and the Cause of Formation of the Lakes in Qinghai Qiangtang Basin |
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| DUAN Shui-qiang,CAO Guang-chao,LIU Tao,WU Qing,LI Yan.The Recent Expansion Features and the Cause of Formation of the Lakes in Qinghai Qiangtang Basin[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2013,35(5):1237-1247. |
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| Authors: | DUAN Shui-qiang CAO Guang-chao LIU Tao WU Qing LI Yan |
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| Institution: | 1. Hydrology and Water Resource Bureau of Qinghai Province, Xining Qinghai 810001, China;2. Qinghai Normal University, Xining Qinghai 810008, China |
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| Abstract: | Based on remote sensing images in Qinghai Qiangtang Basin from 1976 to 2010, sixty-seven lakes with area larger than 1 km2were interpreted in this paper. The results show that from 1976 to 1994, most lakes were in shrinkage. The lake area had decreased 446.8 km2, accounting for 12.5%. From 1994 to 2001, the lake area increased from 3 132.6 to 3 395.2 km2, and then expanded to 3 641.7 km2in 2007 and 3 836.2 km2in 2010, respectively. The lake area in 2010 was 22.5% higher than that in 1994, even higher than that in 1976. The extent of expansion in the period from 2007 to 2010 was the maximum. Meanwhile, the climatic and hydrological variations of the investigated regions from 1959 to 2010 are also analyzed. It is found that the annual mean air temperature increased significantly, while the annual evaporation from 1959 to 1980 decreased and then tended to be stable. The yearly precipitation and the yearly runoff increased dramatically from 1998 to 1999. The features of the response of the lake area to the climatic and hydrological changes show that recent lake expansion is mainly resulted from abundant precipitation and runoff. There was no significant connection between the incensement of air temperature and the change of evaporation. The increased water caused by the shrinkage of glaciers has little influence on recent lake expansion. As a contrast, the change in climate and hydrology and in the lake area in Qinghai Qiangtang Basin occurred about seven years earlier than that in Qinghai Lake and the Yellow River source regions. |
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| Keywords: | lake lake surface area expansion cause of formation |
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