| 青藏高原多年冻土区热融滑塌发育特征及规律 |
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| 引用本文： | 罗京,牛富俊,林战举,刘明浩,尹国安,高泽永.青藏高原多年冻土区热融滑塌发育特征及规律[J].冰川冻土,2022,44(1):96-105. |
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| 作者姓名： | 罗京 牛富俊 林战举 刘明浩 尹国安 高泽永 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院 西北生态环境资源研究院 冻土工程国家重点实验室，甘肃 兰州 730000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金面上项目（42071097）； |
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| 摘 要： | 在全球气候变暖和高原多年冻土持续退化的背景下，青藏高原多年冻土区热融滑塌现象普遍发育，其形成不仅影响区域生态环境，还可能威胁工程构筑物的稳定性。本文在多年野外调查工作的基础上，结合遥感及历史气象资料对青藏高原多年冻土区热融滑塌的诱发因素、分布特征及演化过程进行了分析。结果表明：冻土活动层滑脱的发生是诱发青藏高原多年冻土区热融滑塌的主要因素，其次为工程扰动和湖水的热侵蚀；活动层滑脱型热融滑塌的发育过程主要包括冻土活动层滑脱的发生、后缘坍塌后退及坡面泥流的形成等三个阶段，热融滑塌形成以后其溯源侵蚀过程将持续数年甚至十几年直到后缘位置地下冰含量明显减少或者消失为止；在空间分布方面，热融滑塌更倾向于分布在坡度较为平缓（3°~8°）的丘陵山地及山麓区域的阴坡一侧；近年来青藏高原多年冻土区热融滑塌呈剧烈增多的趋势，且这种骤增现象主要发生在有极端气温出现的特殊年份，并不是均匀的分布在每一年。研究成果对未来青藏高原工程规划、资源开发及环境协调发展具有重要的指导意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 青藏高原 热融滑塌 冻土活动层滑脱 多年冻土 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-03-26 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021-05-31 |
The characteristics and patterns of retrogressive thaw slumps developed in permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau |
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| LUO Jing,NIU Fujun,LIN Zhanju,LIU Minghao,YIN Guoan,GAO Zeyong.The characteristics and patterns of retrogressive thaw slumps developed in permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2022,44(1):96-105. |
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| Authors: | LUO Jing NIU Fujun LIN Zhanju LIU Minghao YIN Guoan GAO Zeyong |
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| Institution: | State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering，Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000，China |
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| Abstract: | Under the background of global warming and continuous degradation of permafrost， retrogressive thaw slumps are widespread in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau （QTP）， which not only affects the regional ecological environment， but also influences the stability of engineering structures. Based on field investigations， remote sensing interpretation and meteorological data， the triggering factors， distribution characteristics and evolution process of retrogressive thaw slumps in permafrost region of the QTP were analyzed this paper. Results showed that the occurrence of active layer detachment is the main factor that induce the retrogressive thaw slumps in permafrost region of the QTP， followed by the engineering disturbance and the thermal erosion of lake water. The development process of retrogressive thaw slumps which induced by active layer detachment mainly includes three stages， they are the occurrence of active layer detachment， the collapse and retreat of the headwall and the formation of slope mudflow. The source erosion after the formation of retrogressive thaw slump will last for several years or even more than ten years until the content of ground-ice in the back edge is significantly reduced or disappeared. In terms of spatial distribution， retrogressive thaw slumps tend to be distributed on the side of the shady slope in the hilly and piedmont regions with gentle slope （3°~8°）. In addition， the retrogressive thaw slumps in permafrost region of the QTP had significantly increased in recent years， and such intensification of retrogressive thaw slumps did not increase steadily over the study period but was rather concentrated during the special years with extreme high air temperature. The research results will provide references for the future engineering planning， resource development and environmental protection on the QTP. |
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| Keywords: | Qinghai-Tibet Plateau retrogressive thaw slump active layer detachment permafrost |
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