| 东北地区冬半年积雪与气温对冻土的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 周晓宇,赵春雨,李娜,刘鸣彦,崔妍,敖雪.东北地区冬半年积雪与气温对冻土的影响[J].冰川冻土,2021,43(4):1027-1039. |
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| 作者姓名： | 周晓宇 赵春雨 李娜 刘鸣彦 崔妍 敖雪 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.沈阳区域气候中心，辽宁 沈阳 110166;2.山西省气象台，山西 太原 030006 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201841);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2021J047);辽宁省自然科学基金指导计划项目(20180551217) |
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| 摘 要： | 利用东北地区121个气象站逐日冻土深度、积雪深度、平均气温、地表平均气温及降水量数据，分析了1964—2017年冬半年冻土的变化特征及气象要素对冻土的影响。结果表明：东北地区积雪深度、平均气温、地表平均气温与冻土深度相关系数较高，降水量相关性不大。20世纪60年代平均气温、地表平均气温及负积温最低，最大冻土深度为历年代最深；随着气候变暖，最大冻土深度以6.15 cm?（10a）-1的速率显著减小。冬半年平均最大冻土深度为123 cm，呈显著纬向分布，自辽东半岛向大兴安岭北部递增；随纬度和海拔高度的增加，平均气温和地表平均气温降低，负积温增加，且由北向南地气温差增大。最大冻土深度全区有90%以上的站点减少，减少速率以0.1~10 cm?（10a）-1为主。冻土持续时间随纬度升高而增加，月最大冻土深度和积雪深度最大值分别出现在3月和1月，最大冻土深度的增加要滞后于积雪深度的增加。由于积雪对地温的保温作用，积雪深度较浅时，冻土深度增加较明显，随着积雪深度的增加，冻土深度变化较小，积雪对冻土起到了保温的作用。对于高纬度地区站点，30 cm左右为积雪的保温界限值；对于沿海站点，积雪保温的界限值在5 cm左右；在相同地形下，冻土深度较浅区域积雪的保温值因海拔高度、气候特点而异。最大冻土深度对地表平均气温升温的响应更为显著，地表平均气温和平均气温每升高1 ℃，最大冻土深度将减小8.4 cm和10.6 cm，负积温每减少100 ℃?d，最大冻土深度减少4.9 cm。
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| 关 键 词： | 东北地区 冻土 积雪 保温作用 地表平均气温 负积温 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-09-04 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-11-24 |
Influence of snow and temperature on the depth of frozen soil in winter half year in Northeast China |
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| ZHOU Xiaoyu,ZHAO Chunyu,LI Na,LIU Mingyan,CUI Yan,AO Xue.Influence of snow and temperature on the depth of frozen soil in winter half year in Northeast China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2021,43(4):1027-1039. |
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| Authors: | ZHOU Xiaoyu ZHAO Chunyu LI Na LIU Mingyan CUI Yan AO Xue |
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| Institution: | 1.Regional Climate Center of Shenyang，Shenyang 110166，China;2.Shanxi Meteorological Observatory，Taiyuan 030006，China |
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| Abstract: | Based on the daily data of frozen soil depth， snow depth， average temperature， average surface temperature and precipitation of 121 meteorological stations in Northeast China， the variation characteristics of frozen soil and the influence on frozen soil by meteorological elements in winter half year of 1964 to 2017 were analyzed. The results show that： the correlation coefficients between snow depth， average temperature， and surface average temperature with frozen soil depth are relatively high， but the correlation with precipitation is small. In the 1960s， the average temperature， average surface temperature and negative accumulated temperature are the lowest， and the maximum frozen soil depth is the deepest； while the climate warming， the maximum frozen soil depth decreased significantly at the rate of 6.15 cm?（10a）-1. In winter-half year， the average maximum frozen soil depth is 123 cm， showing a significant latitudinal distribution， increasing from Liaodong Peninsula to the north of Greater Khingan Mountains； with the increase of latitude and altitude， the average temperature and surface temperature decrease， the negative accumulated temperature increase， and surface-air temperature difference increases from north to south. The maximum depth of frozen soil decreases in more than 90% of the stations， and the decreasing rate is mainly 0.1~10 cm?（10a）-1. The duration of frozen soil increases with the increase of latitude； the monthly maximum depth of frozen soil and snow appear in March and January respectively， and the increase of maximum frozen soil depth lags behind that of snow. Due to the heat preservation effect of snow on surface temperature， the frozen soil depth increases obviously， when the snow depth is shallow， while with the increase of snow depth， the frozen soil depth changes little， snow has played role in insulation on frozen soil. For stations in high latitudes， limit value of snow for heat preservation is about 30 cm； for coastal stations， the limit value of snow for heat preservation is about 5 cm； in the same terrain， the value of snow for heat preservation in shallow frozen soil area also varies with the characteristics of altitude and climate. The response of the maximum frozen soil depth to the rising of the average surface temperature is more significant， the maximum frozen soil depth will decrease by 8.4 cm and 10.6 cm when the average surface temperature and average temperature increases by 1 ℃， and the maximum frozen soil depth will decrease by 4.9 cm when the negative accumulated temperature decreases by 100 ℃·d. |
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| Keywords: | Northeast China frozen soil snow thermal insulation surface average temperature negative accumulated temperature |
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