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喜马拉雅珠峰地区冬季大气气溶胶化学组分及光学特征
引用本文:钟苗,徐建中,张兴华,冯琳.喜马拉雅珠峰地区冬季大气气溶胶化学组分及光学特征[J].冰川冻土,2021,43(1):80-91.
作者姓名:钟苗  徐建中  张兴华  冯琳
作者单位:1.中国科学院 西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000;2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;3.中国气象局 兰州干旱气象研究所, 甘肃 兰州 730020;4.阿坝师范学院, 四川 汶川 623002
基金项目:中国科学院“百人计划”项目(徐建中)资助
摘    要:为了研究喜马拉雅山北坡冬季大气气溶胶化学组分、光学特征及来源,2017年11—12月在珠穆朗玛峰站(QOMS)共采集22个PM2.5样品。结果显示:PM2.5中包括水溶性离子(WSIs)、有机质(OM)、元素碳(EC)在内的所有检测成分,总质量浓度为(3.36±1.06) μg?m-3;有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)和水溶性有机碳(WSOC)的浓度分别为(1.10±0.38)、(0.13±0.12)和(0.84±0.24) μg?m-3,浓度水平与偏远地区相当,低于季风前。碳质成分(OM+EC)占所有测试成分比例为73.6%,与之前珠峰站报道的研究结果相近。用PM2.5水溶性组分在365 nm处的光吸收效率(Abs365)来表征水溶性棕色碳(WS-BrC),它与WSOC、K+存在较好的相关性(R2=0.63、0.50),而与EC相关性弱(R2=0.01),说明水溶性棕色碳可能源于生物质燃烧和二次反应。MODIS火点信息和气团后向轨迹分析进一步表明,尼泊尔地区的燃烧活动是珠峰站冬季碳质气溶胶的重要来源。同时,喜马拉雅山脉独特的局地风场是污染物跨境传输至珠峰地区的重要原因。

关 键 词:喜马拉雅山北坡  珠峰站  PM2.5  化学组分  水溶性棕色碳  来源分析  
收稿时间:2019-07-15
修稿时间:2020-06-01

Chemical composition and optical properties of the atmospheric aerosols during wintertime in the Mount Qomolangma region,the Himalayas
ZHONG Miao,XU Jianzhong,ZHANG Xinghua,FENG Lin.Chemical composition and optical properties of the atmospheric aerosols during wintertime in the Mount Qomolangma region,the Himalayas[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2021,43(1):80-91.
Authors:ZHONG Miao  XU Jianzhong  ZHANG Xinghua  FENG Lin
Institution:1.State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;3.Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730020,China;4.Aba Teachers University,Wenchuan 623002,Sichuan,China
Abstract:To study the chemical composition, optical characteristics and sources of atmospheric aerosols on the north slopes of the Himalayas (the south edge of the Tibetan Plateau), 22 samples were collected daily from November 2017 to December 2017 at Qomolangma Station for Atmospheric and Environmental Observation and Research (QOMS, 28.36° N, 86.95° E, 4 276 m a.s.l.). The total mass concentrations of identified species (WSIs+OM+EC) were (3.36±1.06) μg?m-3. The average concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble organic carbon were (1.10±0.38) μg?m-3, (0.13±0.12) μg?m-3 and (0.84±0.24) μg?m-3, respectively, lower than that in pre-monsoon. The carbonaceous matter (OM+EC) was the dominated contributor, accounting for 73.6%, which was similar to the previous research. Absorption coefficient at 365 nm (Abs365) of PM2.5 water-soluble components, typically used as a proxy for water-soluble brown carbon (WS-BrC), correlated well with the WSOC and K+ concentration (R2=0.63, 0.50), but weak correlation with EC (R2=0.01), indicates that they probably originated from biomass burning and secondary formations. The values of AAE and MAE of the water extract of PM2.5 were (4.60±1.47), (0.45±0.13) m2?g-1, respectively. Moreover, the fire spots observed by MODIS and backward air-mass trajectories further demonstrated that in winter, fires in Nepal were most likely sources of carbonaceous aerosol at QOMS. Meanwhile, the unique local wind field on the Himalayas was an important channel for air-pollutant transport.
Keywords:north slopes of the Himalayas  Qomolangma Station (QOMS)  PM2  5  chemical composition  water-soluble brown carbon (WS-BrC)  analysis of sources  
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