| 新疆开都-孔雀河流域绿洲需水量与稳定性分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 李卫红,陈忠升,李宝富,付爱红,周洪华.新疆开都-孔雀河流域绿洲需水量与稳定性分析[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(6):1470-1477. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李卫红 陈忠升 李宝富 付爱红 周洪华 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院 新疆生态与地理研究所 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2010CB951003);西部人才培养计划西部博士专项(XBBS200907;XBBS201026;XBBS201008,)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 水是绿洲存在和发展的核心, 干旱区绿洲稳定性与水密切相关. 根据2000-2009年资料, 采用蒸发系数法和定额法估算开都-孔雀河流域绿洲自然生态系统和社会经济系统综合需水量, 并对水资源约束条件下的绿洲稳定性进行初步探讨. 结果表明: 2000-2009年, 绿洲年均总需水量理论值约为54.80×108 m3, 其中开都河绿洲总需水量约为20.55×108 m3, 孔雀河绿洲总需水量约为21.90×108 m3, 博斯腾湖区耗水量约为12.35×108 m3, 与绿洲10 a平均供水量相比, 供需表现出极大地不平衡性. 水资源可承载绿洲面积(不含博斯腾湖)约为3139.66 km2, 其中可承载灌溉地面积约为1395.41 km2, 与绿洲10 a平均面积5 248 km2相比, 差别较大, 绿洲处于不稳定状态, 现状绿洲面积应适当收缩. 最后, 对博斯腾湖最低生态水位进行讨论, 初步把大湖最低水位定为海拔1 045 m, 小湖最低生态水位定为海拔1 046.5 m.
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| 关 键 词： | 平原绿洲 需水量 适宜规模 开都-孔雀河流域 |
| 收稿时间： | 2012-05-15 |
| 修稿时间： | 2012-08-21 |
Analysis of Water Demand and Stability for Oasis in Kaidu-Kongque River Basin,Southern Xinjiang |
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| LI Wei-hong,CHEN Zhong-sheng,LI Bao-fu,FU Ai-hong,ZHOU Hong-hua.Analysis of Water Demand and Stability for Oasis in Kaidu-Kongque River Basin,Southern Xinjiang[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(6):1470-1477. |
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| Authors: | LI Wei-hong CHEN Zhong-sheng LI Bao-fu FU Ai-hong ZHOU Hong-hua |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy ofSciences, Ürümqi Xinjiang 830011, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | Water is the core of the existence and the development of oasis, so arid oasis stability is closely related with water resources. According to data from 2000 to 2009, comprehensive 10-year average water demand is estimated using the methods of evaporation coefficient and quota for various natural ecosystem and social economic system in oasis of Kaidu-Kongque River basin, and oasis stability is discussed under the water resources constraint conditions. The results indicate that: 1) During the period of 2000 to 2009, the theoretical value of annual average water demand for oasis was about 54.80×108 m3, of which 20.55×108 m3 is in Kaidu River basin, 21.90×108 m3 is in Kongque River basin and 12.35×108 m3 is in Bosten Lake, respectively. Compared with 10-year average water supply, one can see that there is a great imbalance between supply and demand of water. 2) Oasis area supported by water resources is approximately 3 139.66 km2 (excluding Bosten Lake area), there into, the area for irrigated agriculture is about 1 395.41 km2. Oasis area supported by water resources is less than actually developing area (5 248 km2), which means that oasis is in unstable state and that the current oasis area should be properly drawn back. At last, the lowest ecological water level of Bosten Lake is preliminarily discussed, and altitude of 1 045 m is regarded as the lowest water level for the large lake, and that 1046.5 m is regarded as the lowest water level for the small lake. |
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| Keywords: | oasis water demand stability Kaidu-Kongque River basin |
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